Tuesday, 27 October 2026

Tuesday's Serial: “Green Mansions: A Romance of the Tropical Forest” by W. H. Hudson - XVII.

CHAPTER 20

That good fight had been to me like a draught of wine, and made me for a while oblivious of my loss and of the pain from my wound. But the glow and feeling of exultation did not last: the lacerated flesh smarted; I was weak from loss of blood, and oppressed with sensations of fatigue. If my foes had appeared on the scene they would have made an easy conquest of me; but they came not, and I continued to walk on, slowly and painfully, pausing often to rest.

At last, recovering somewhat from my faint condition, and losing all fear of being overtaken, my sorrow revived in full force, and thought returned to madden me.

Alas! this bright being, like no other in its divine brightness, so long in the making, now no more than a dead leaf, a little dust, lost and forgotten for ever—oh, pitiless! Oh, cruel!

But I knew it all before—this law of nature and of necessity, against which all revolt is idle: often had the remembrance of it filled me with ineffable melancholy; only now it seemed cruel beyond all cruelty.

Not nature the instrument, not the keen sword that cuts into the bleeding tissues, but the hand that wields it—the unseen unknown something, or person, that manifests itself in the horrible workings of nature.

"Did you know, beloved, at the last, in that intolerable heat, in that moment of supreme anguish, that he is unlistening, unhelpful as the stars, that you cried not to him? To me was your cry; but your poor, frail fellow creature was not there to save, or, failing that, to cast himself into the flames and perish with you, hating God."

Thus, in my insufferable pain, I spoke aloud; alone in that solitary place, a bleeding fugitive in the dark night, looking up at the stars I cursed the Author of my being and called on Him to take back the abhorred gift of life.

Yet, according to my philosophy, how vain it was! All my bitterness and hatred and defiance were as empty, as ineffectual, as utterly futile, as are the supplications of the meek worshipper, and no more than the whisper of a leaf, the light whir of an insect's wing. Whether I loved Him who was over all, as when I thanked Him on my knees for guiding me to where I had heard so sweet and mysterious a melody, or hated and defied Him as now, it all came from Him—love and hate, good and evil.

But I know—I knew then—that in one thing my philosophy was false, that it was not the whole truth; that though my cries did not touch nor come near Him they would yet hurt me; and, just as a prisoner maddened at his unjust fate beats against the stone walls of his cell until he falls back bruised and bleeding to the floor, so did I willfully bruise my own soul, and knew that those wounds I gave myself would not heal.

Of that night, the beginning of the blackest period of my life, I shall say no more; and over subsequent events I shall pass quickly.

Morning found me at a distance of many miles from the scene of my duel with the Indian, in a broken, hilly country, varied with savanna and open forest. I was well nigh spent with my long march, and felt that unless food was obtained before many hours my situation would be indeed desperate. With labor I managed to climb to the summit of a hill about three hundred feet high in order to survey the surrounding country, and found that it was one of a group of five, and conjectured that these were the five hills of Uritay and that I was in the neighborhood of Managa's village. Coming down I proceeded to the next hill, which was higher; and before reaching it came to a stream in a narrow valley dividing the hills, and proceeding along its banks in search of a crossing-place, I came full in sight of the settlement sought for.

As I approached, people were seen moving hurriedly about; and by the time I arrived, walking slowly and painfully, seven or eight men were standing before the village' some with spears in their hands, the women and children behind them, all staring curiously at me. Drawing near I cried out in a somewhat feeble voice that I was seeking for Managa; whereupon a gray-haired man stepped forth, spear in hand, and replied that he was Managa, and demanded to know why I sought him. I told him a part of my story—enough to show that I had a deadly feud with Runi, that I had escaped from him after killing one of his people.

I was taken in and supplied with food; my wound was examined and dressed; and then I was permitted to lie down and sleep, while Managa, with half a dozen of his people, hurriedly started to visit the scene of my fight with Kua-ko, not only to verify my story, but partly with the hope of meeting Runi. I did not see him again until the next morning, when he informed me that he had found the spot where I had been overtaken, that the dead man had been discovered by the others and carried back towards Parahuari. He had followed the trace for some distance, and he was satisfied that Runi had come thus far in the first place only with the intention of spying on him.

My arrival, and the strange tidings I had brought, had thrown the village into a great commotion; it was evident that from that time Managa lived in constant apprehension of a sudden attack from his old enemy. This gave me great satisfaction; it was my study to keep the feeling alive, and, more than that, to drop continual hints of his enemy's secret murderous purpose, until he was wrought up to a kind of frenzy of mingled fear and rage. And being of a suspicious and somewhat truculent temper, he one day all at once turned on me as the immediate cause of his miserable state, suspecting perhaps that I only wished to make an instrument of him. But I was strangely bold and careless of danger then, and only mocked at his rage, telling him proudly that I feared him not; that Runi, his mortal enemy and mine, feared not him but me; that Runi knew perfectly well where I had taken refuge and would not venture to make his meditated attack while I remained in his village, but would wait for my departure.

"Kill me, Managa," I cried, smiting my chest as I stood facing him. "Kill me, and the result will be that he will come upon you unawares and murder you all, as he has resolved to do sooner or later."

After that speech he glared at me in silence, then flung down the spear he had snatched up in his sudden rage and stalked out of the house and into the wood; but before long he was back again, seated in his old place, brooding on my words with a face black as night.

It is painful to recall that secret dark chapter of my life—that period of moral insanity. But I wish not to be a hypocrite, conscious or unconscious, to delude another or myself with this plea of insanity. My mind was very clear just then; past and present were clear to me; the future clearest of all: I could measure the extent of my action and speculate on its future effect, and my sense of right or wrong—of individual responsibility—was more vivid than at any other period of my life. Can I even say that I was blinded by passion? Driven, perhaps, but certainly not blinded. For no reaction, or submission, had followed on that furious revolt against the unknown being, personal or not, that is behind nature, in whose existence I believed. I was still in revolt: I would hate Him, and show my hatred by being like Him, as He appears to us reflected in that mirror of Nature. Had He given me good gifts—the sense of right and wrong and sweet humanity?

The beautiful sacred flower He had caused to grow in me I would crush ruthlessly; its beauty and fragrance and grace would be dead for ever; there was nothing evil, nothing cruel and contrary to my nature, that I would not be guilty of, glorying in my guilt. This was not the temper of a few days: I remained for close upon two months at Managa's village, never repenting nor desisting in my efforts to induce the Indians to join me in that most barbarous adventure on which my heart was set.

I succeeded in the end; it would have been strange if I had not. The horrible details need not be given. Managa did not wait for his enemy, but fell on him unexpectedly, an hour after nightfall in his own village. If I had really been insane during those two months, if some cloud had been on me, some demoniacal force dragging me on, the cloud and insanity vanished and the constraint was over in one moment, when that hellish enterprise was completed. It was the sight of an old woman, lying where she had been struck down, the fire of the blazing house lighting her wide-open glassy eyes and white hair dabbled in blood, which suddenly, as by a miracle, wrought this change in my brain. For they were all dead at last, old and young, all who had lighted the fire round that great green tree in which Rima had taken refuge, who had danced round the blaze, shouting: "Burn! burn!"

At the moment my glance fell on that prostrate form I paused and stood still, trembling like a person struck with a sudden pang in the heart, who thinks that his last moment has come to him unawares. After a while I slunk away out of the great circle of firelight into the thick darkness beyond. Instinctively I turned towards the forests across the savanna— my forest again; and fled away from the noise and the sight of flames, never pausing until I found myself within the black shadow of the trees. Into the deeper blackness of the interior I dared not venture; on the border I paused to ask myself what I did there alone in the nighttime. Sitting down, I covered my face with my hands as if to hide it more effectually than night and the forest could hide it shadows.

What horrible thing, what calamity that frightened my soul to think of, had fallen on me? The revulsion of feeling, the unspeakable horror, the remorse, was more than I could bear. I started up with a cry of anguish, and would have slain myself to escape at that moment; but Nature is not always and utterly cruel, and on this occasion she came to my aid. Consciousness forsook me, and I lived not again until the light of early morning was in the east; then found myself lying on the wet herbage—wet with rain that had lately fallen. My physical misery was now so great that it prevented me from dwelling on the scenes witnessed on the previous evening. Nature was again merciful in this. I only remembered that it was necessary to hide myself, in case the Indians should be still in the neighborhood and pay the wood a visit.

Slowly and painfully I crept away into the forest, and there sat for several hours, scarcely thinking at all, in a half-stupefied condition. At noon the sun shone out and dried the wood. I felt no hunger, only a vague sense of bodily misery, and with it the fear that if I left my hiding-place I might meet some human creature face to face. This fear prevented me from stirring until the twilight came, when I crept forth and made my way to the border of the forest, to spend the night there. Whether sleep visited me during the dark hours or not I cannot say: day and night my condition seemed the same; I experienced only a dull sensation of utter misery which seemed in spirit and flesh alike, an inability to think clearly, or for more than a few moments consecutively, about anything. Scenes in which I had been principal actor came and went, as in a dream when the will slumbers: now with devilish ingenuity and persistence I was working on Managa's mind; now standing motionless in the forest listening for that sweet, mysterious melody; now staring aghast at old Cla-cla's wide-open glassy eyes and white hair dabbled in blood; then suddenly, in the cave at Riolama, I was fondly watching the slow return of life and color to Rima's still face.

When morning came again, I felt so weak that a vague fear of sinking down and dying of hunger at last roused me and sent me forth in quest of food. I moved slowly and my eyes were dim to see, but I knew so well where to seek for small morsels — small edible roots and leaf-stalks, berries, and drops of congealed gum—that it would have been strange in that rich forest if I had not been able to discover something to stay my famine. It was little, but it sufficed for the day.

Once more Nature was merciful to me; for that diligent seeking among the concealing leaves left no interval for thought; every chance morsel gave a momentary pleasure, and as I prolonged my search my steps grew firmer, the dimness passed from my eyes. I was more forgetful of self, more eager, and like a wild animal with no thought or feeling beyond its immediate wants. Fatigued at the end, I fell asleep as soon as darkness brought my busy rambles to a close, and did not wake until another morning dawned.

My hunger was extreme now. The wailing notes of a pair of small birds, persistently flitting round me, or perched with gaping bills and wings trembling with agitation, served to remind me that it was now breeding-time; also that Rima had taught me to find a small bird's nest. She found them only to delight her eyes with the sight; but they would be food for me; the crystal and yellow fluid in the gem-like, white or blue or red-speckled shells would help to keep me alive. All day I hunted, listening to every note and cry, watching the motions of every winged thing, and found, besides gums and fruits, over a score of nests containing eggs, mostly of small birds, and although the labor was great and the scratches many, I was well satisfied with the result.

A few days later I found a supply of Haima gum, and eagerly began picking it from the tree; not that it could be used, but the thought of the brilliant light it gave was so strong in my mind that mechanically I gathered it all. The possession of this gum, when night closed round me again, produced in me an intense longing for artificial light and warmth. The darkness was harder than ever to endure. I envied the fireflies their natural lights, and ran about in the dusk to capture a few and hold them in the hollow of my two hands, for the sake of their cold, fitful flashes.

On the following day I wasted two or three hours trying to get fire in the primitive method with dry wood, but failed, and lost much time, and suffered more than ever from hunger in consequence. Yet there was fire in everything; even when I struck at hard wood with my knife, sparks were emitted. If I could only arrest those wonderful heat- and light-giving sparks!

And all at once, as if I had just lighted upon some new, wonderful truth, it occurred to me that with my steel hunting-knife and a piece of flint fire could be obtained. Immediately I set about preparing tinder with dry moss, rotten wood, and wild cotton; and in a short time I had the wished fire, and heaped wood dry and green on it to make it large. I nursed it well, and spent the night beside it; and it also served to roast some huge white grubs which I had found in the rotten wood of a prostrate trunk. The sight of these great grubs had formerly disgusted me; but they tasted good to me now, and stayed my hunger, and that was all I looked for in my wild forest food.

For a long time an undefined feeling prevented me from going near the site of Nuflo's burnt lodge. I went there at last; and the first thing I did was to go all round the fatal spot, cautiously peering into the rank herbage, as if I feared a lurking serpent; and at length, at some distance from the blackened heap, I discovered a human skeleton, and knew it to be Nuflo's. In his day he had been a great armadillo-hunter, and these quaint carrion-eaters had no doubt revenged themselves by devouring his flesh when they found him dead—killed by the savages.

Having once returned to this spot of many memories, I could not quit it again; while my wild woodland life lasted, here must I have my lair, and being here I could not leave that mournful skeleton above ground. With labor I excavated a pit to bury it, careful not to cut or injure a broad-leafed creeper that had begun to spread itself over the spot; and after refilling the hole I drew the long, trailing stems over the mound.

"Sleep well, old man," said I, when my work was done; and these few words, implying neither censure nor praise, was all the burial service that old Nuflo had from me.

I then visited the spot where the old man, assisted by me, had concealed his provisions before starting for Riolama, and was pleased to find that it had not been discovered by the Indians. Besides the store of tobacco leaf, maize, pumpkin, potatoes, and cassava bread, and the cooking utensils, I found among other things a chopper—a great acquisition, since with it I would be able to cut down small palms and bamboos to make myself a hut.

The possession of a supply of food left me time for many things: time in the first place to make my own conditions; doubtless after them there would be further progression on the old lines—luxuries added to necessaries; a healthful, fruitful life of thought and action combined; and at last a peaceful, contemplative old age.

I cleared away ashes and rubbish, and marked out the very spot where Rima's separate bower had been for my habitation, which I intended to make small. In five days it was finished; then, after lighting a fire, I stretched myself out in my dry bed of moss and leaves with a feeling that was almost triumphant. Let the rain now fall in torrents, putting out the firefly's lamp; let the wind and thunder roar their loudest, and the lightnings smite the earth with intolerable light, frightening the poor monkeys in their wet, leafy habitations, little would I heed it all on my dry bed, under my dry, palm-leaf thatch, with glorious fire to keep me company and protect me from my ancient enemy, Darkness.

From that first sleep under shelter I woke refreshed, and was not driven by the cruel spur of hunger into the wet forest. The wished time had come of rest from labor, of leisure for thought. Resting here, just where she had rested, night by night clasping a visionary mother in her arms, whispering tenderest words in a visionary ear, I too now clasped her in my arms—a visionary Rima. How different the nights had seemed when I was without shelter, before I had rediscovered fire! How had I endured it? That strange ghostly gloom of the woods at night-time full of innumerable strange shapes; still and dark, yet with something seen at times moving amidst them, dark and vague and strange also—an owl, perhaps, or bat, or great winged moth, or nightjar. Nor had I any choice then but to listen to the night-sounds of the forest; and they were various as the day-sounds, and for every day-sound, from the faintest lisping and softest trill to the deep boomings and piercing cries, there was an analogue; always with something mysterious, unreal in its tone, something proper to the night. They were ghostly sounds, uttered by the ghosts of dead animals; they were a hundred different things by turns, but always with a meaning in them, which I vainly strove to catch—something to be interpreted only by a sleeping faculty in us, lightly sleeping, and now, now on the very point of awaking!

Now the gloom and the mystery were shut out; now I had that which stood in the place of pleasure to me, and was more than pleasure. It was a mournful rapture to lie awake now, wishing not for sleep and oblivion, hating the thought of daylight that would come at last to drown and scare away my vision. To be with Rima again—my lost Rima recovered—mine, mine at last! No longer the old vexing doubt now—"You are you, and I am I—why is it?"—the question asked when our souls were near together, like two raindrops side by side, drawing irresistibly nearer, ever nearer: for now they had touched and were not two, but one inseparable drop, crystallized beyond change, not to be disintegrated by time, nor shattered by death's blow, nor resolved by any alchemy.

I had other company besides this unfailing vision and the bright dancing fire that talked to me in its fantastic fire language. It was my custom to secure the door well on retiring; grief had perhaps chilled my blood, for I suffered less from heat than from cold at this period, and the fire seemed grateful all night long;

I was also anxious to exclude all small winged and creeping night-wanderers. But to exclude them entirely proved impossible: through a dozen invisible chinks they would find their way to me; also some entered by day to lie concealed until after nightfall. A monstrous hairy hermit spider found an asylum in a dusky corner of the hut, under the thatch, and day after day he was there, all day long, sitting close and motionless; but at dark he invariably disappeared—who knows on what murderous errand! His hue was a deep dead-leaf yellow, with a black and gray pattern, borrowed from some wild cat; and so large was he that his great outspread hairy legs, radiating from the flat disk of his body, would have covered a man's open hand. It was easy to see him in my small interior; often in the nighttime my eyes would stray to his corner, never to encounter that strange hairy figure; but daylight failed not to bring him.

He troubled me; but now, for Rima's sake, 1 could slay no living thing except from motives of hunger. I had it in my mind to injure him—to strike off one of his legs, which would not be missed much, as they were many—so as to make him go away and return no more to so inhospitable a place. But courage failed me. He might come stealthily back at night to plunge his long, crooked farces into my throat, poisoning my blood with fever and delirium and Black Death. So I left him alone, and glanced furtively and fearfully at him, hoping that he had not divined any thoughts; thus we lived on unsocially together.

More companionable, but still in an uncomfortable way, were the large crawling, running insects—crickets, beetles, and others. They were shapely and black and polished, and ran about here and there on the floor, just like intelligent little horseless carriages; then they would pause with their immovable eyes fixed on me, seeing or in some mysterious way divining my presence; their pliant horns waving up and down, like delicate instruments used to test the air. Centipedes and millipedes in dozens came too, and were not welcome. I feared not their venom, but it was a weariness to see them; for they seemed no living things, but the vertebrae of snakes and eels and long slim fishes, dead and desiccated, made to move mechanically over walls and floor by means of some jugglery of nature. I grew skilful at picking them up with a pair of pliant green twigs, to thrust them into the outer darkness.

One night a moth fluttered in and alighted on my hand as I sat by the fire, causing me to hold my breath as I gazed on it. Its fore-wings were pale gray, with shadings dark and light written all over in finest characters with some twilight mystery or legend; but the round under-wings were clear amber-yellow, veined like a leaf with red and purple veins; a thing of such exquisite chaste beauty that the sight of it gave me a sudden shock of pleasure. Very soon it flew up, circling about, and finally lighted on the palm-leaf thatch directly over the fire.

The heat, I thought, would soon drive it from the spot; and, rising, I opened the door, so that it might find its way out again into its own cool, dark, flowery world. And standing by the open door I turned and addressed it: "O night-wanderer of the pale, beautiful wings, go forth, and should you by chance meet her somewhere in the shadowy depths, revisiting her old haunts, be my messenger—" Thus much had I spoken when the frail thing loosened its hold to fall without a flutter, straight and swift, into the white blaze beneath. I sprang forward with a shriek and stood staring into the fire, my whole frame trembling with a sudden terrible emotion. Even thus had Rima fallen—fallen from the great height- -into the flames that instantly consumed her beautiful flesh and bright spirit! O cruel Nature!

A moth that perished in the flame; an indistinct faint sound; a dream in the night; the semblance of a shadowy form moving mist-like in the twilight gloom of the forest, would suddenly bring back a vivid memory, the old anguish, to break for a while the calm of that period. It was calm then after the storm. Nevertheless, my health deteriorated. I ate little and slept little and grew thin and weak. When I looked down on the dark, glassy forest pool, where Rima would look no more to see herself so much better than in the small mirror of her lover's pupil, it showed me a gaunt, ragged man with a tangled mass of black hair falling over his shoulders, the bones of his face showing through the dead-looking, sun-parched skin, the sunken eyes with a gleam in them that was like insanity.

To see this reflection had a strangely disturbing effect on me. A torturing voice would whisper in my ear: "Yes, you are evidently going mad. By and by you will rush howling through the forest, only to drop down at last and die; and no person will ever find and bury your bones. Old Nuflo was more fortunate in that he perished first."

"A lying voice!" I retorted in sudden anger. "My faculties were never keener than now. Not a fruit can ripen but I find it. If a small bird darts by with a feather or straw in its bill I mark its flight, and it will be a lucky bird if I do not find its nest in the end. Could a savage born in the forest do more? He would starve where I find food!"

"Aye, yes, there is nothing wonderful in that," answered the voice. "The stranger from a cold country suffers less from the heat, when days are hottest, than the Indian who knows no other climate. But mark the result! The stranger dies, while the Indian, sweating and gasping for breath, survives. In like manner the low-minded savage, cut off from all human fellowship, keeps his faculties to the end, while your finer brain proves your ruin."

I cut from a tree a score of long, blunt thorns, tough and black as whalebone, and drove them through a strip of wood in which I had burnt a row of holes to receive them, and made myself a comb, and combed out my long, tangled hair to improve my appearance.

"It is not the tangled condition of your hair," persisted the voice, "but your eyes, so wild and strange in their expression, that show the approach of madness. Make your locks as smooth as you like, and add a garland of those scarlet, star-shaped blossoms hanging from the bush behind you—crown yourself as you crowned old Cla-cla—but the crazed look will remain just the same."

And being no longer able to reply, rage and desperation drove me to an act which only seemed to prove that the hateful voice had prophesied truly. Taking up a stone, I hurled it down on the water to shatter the image I saw there, as if it had been no faithful reflection of myself, but a travesty, cunningly made of enameled clay or some other material, and put there by some malicious enemy to mock me.

Saturday, 24 October 2026

Saturday's Good Reading: “To Byron” by John Keats (in English).

 

Byron! how sweetly sad thy melody!

Attuning still the soul to tenderness,

As if soft Pity, with unusual stress,

Had touch'd her plaintive lute, and thou, being by,

Hadst caught the tones, nor suffer'd them to die.

O'ershadowing sorrow doth not make thee less

Delightful: thou thy griefs dost dress

With a bright halo, shining beamily,

As when a cloud the golden moon doth veil,

Its sides are ting'd with a resplendent glow,

Through the dark robe oft amber rays prevail,

And like fair veins in sable marble flow;

Still warble, dying swan! still tell the tale,

The enchanting tale, the tale of pleasing woe.

Friday, 23 October 2026

Friday's Sung Word: "Um Caboclo Abandonado" by Benedito Lacerda e Herivelto Martins (in Portuguese).

Quem visse aquele ranchinho
Lá na beira do caminho
À sombra de um pinheiral
Parava cheio de espanto
Ao ouvir de dentro o canto
De um sabiá divinal

Jamais alguém pensaria
Que nesse rancho existia
Um caboclo abandonado
Quem partiu, deixou lembrança
E ele guarda uma esperança
E ele canta amargurado

A rola nunca se esquece
De onde fez seu primeiro ninho
O seu primeiro ninho de amor
Pode, rolinha triste
Andar por onde quiser andar
Mas ao seu primeiro ninho
Tem que voltar.

 

You can listen "Um Caboclo Abandonado" sung by Sílvio Caldas with Benedito Lacerda (flute) and his band here. 

Thursday, 22 October 2026

Thursday's Serial: “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” by Pearl Poet (translated by William Allan Neilson) (in English) - II

 

FYTTE THE FIRST

1 After the siege and the assault had ceased at Troy,

    the city been destroyed and burned to brands and ashes,

    the warrior who wrought there the trains of treason

    was tried for his treachery, the truest on earth.

    This was Aeneas the noble; he and his high kindred

    afterwards conquered provinces, and became patrons

    of well nigh all the wealth in the West Isles.

    As soon as rich Romulus turns him to Rome,

    with great pride he at once builds that city,

    and names it with his own name, which it now has;

    Ticius turns to Tuscany and founds dwellings;

    Longobard raises homes in Lombardy;

    and, far over the French flood, Felix Brutus

    establishes Britain joyfully on many

    broad banks,

    where war and waste and wonders

    by turns have since dwelt,

    and many a swift interchange

    of bliss and woe.

 

2 And when this Britain was founded by this great hero,

    bold men loving strife bred therein,

    and many a time they wrought destruction.

    More strange things have happened in this land

    since these days than in any other that I know,

    but of all the British kings that built here,

    Arthur was ever the most courteous, as I have heard tell.

    Therefore, I mean to tell of an adventure in the world,

    which some count strange and extraordinary

    even among the wonders of Arthur.

    If ye will listen to this lay but a little while,

    I will tell it forthright as I heard it told

    in town,

    as it is set down in story

    that cannot be changed,

    long written in the land

    in true words.

 

3 This King lay royally at Camelot at Christmas tide

    with many fine lords, the best of men,

    all the rich brethren of the Round Table,

    with right rich revel and careless mirth.

    There full many heroes tourneyed betimes,

    jousted full gaily; then returned these gentle knights

    to the court to make carols.

    For there the feast was held full fifteen days alike

    with all the meat and the mirth that men could devise.

    Such a merry tumult, glorious to hear;

    joyful din by day, dancing at night.

    All was high joy in halls and chambers

    with lords and ladies as pleased them best.

    With all the weal in the world they dwelt there together,

    the most famous knights save only Christ,

    the loveliest ladies that ever had life,

    and he, the comeliest of kings, who holds the court.

    For all this fair company were in their prime in

    the hall,

    the happiest troop under heaven

    with the proudest of kings.

    Truly it would be hard to name anywhere

    so brave a band.

 

4 When New Year was fresh and but newly come,

    the court was served double on the dais.

    As soon as the king with his knights was come into the hall,

    the chanting in the chapel came to an end;

    loud was the cry there of clerks and others.

    Noel was celebrated anew, shouted full often;

    and afterwards the great ones ran about to take handsel;

    called aloud for New Year's gifts;

    ladies laughed full loud, though they had lost;

    and he that won was not wroth, that may ye well trow.

    All this mirth they made till the meat time.

    When they had washed, worthily they went to their seats,

    the best man ever above, as it best behoved.

    Queen Guinevere full beauteous was set in the midst,

    placed on the rich dais adorned all about.

    Fine silk at the sides, a canopy over her

    of precious cloth of Toulouse and tapestries of Tars,

    that were embroidered and set with the best gems that money

    could buy.

    Truly no man could say

    that he ever beheld

    a comelier lady than she,

    with her dancing gray eyes.

 

5 But Arthur would not eat till all were served.

    He was so merry in his mirth, and somewhat childlike in his manner;

    his life pleased him well; he loved little

    either to lie long or to sit long,

    so busied him his young blood and his wild brain.

    And another custom moved him also,

    that he through chivalry had taken up; he would never eat

    upon such a dear day before he was told

    an uncouth tale of some adventurous thing,

    of some great marvel that he could believe,

    of ancient heroes, of arms, or of other adventures;

    or unless some person demanded of him a sure knight

    to join with him in jousting, to incur peril,

    to risk life against life, trusting each in the other,

    leaving the victory to fortune.

    This was the king's custom whenever he held court

    at each goodly feast among his free company in

    the hall.

    And so with undaunted face

    he strides stoutly to his seat

    on that New Year,

    making great mirth with everybody.

 

6 Thus the great king stands waiting before the high table,

    talking of trifles full courteously.

    The good Gawain was placed there beside Guinevere,

    and Agravain of the Hard Hand sat on the other side,

    both of them the king's sister's sons and full sure knights.

    Bishop Baldwin at the top begins the table,

    and Ywain, Urien's son, ate by himself.

    These were placed on the dais and honorably served,

    and after them many a good man at the side tables.

    Then the first course came in with blare of trumpets,

    which were hung with many a bright banner.

    A new noise of kettle-drums with the noble pipes,

    wild and stirring melodies wakened the echoes;

    that many a heart heaved full high at their tones.

    Dainties of precious meats followed,

    foison of fresh viands, and on so many dishes

    that it was difficult to find place before the people

    to set on the cloth the silver that held the several

    courses.

    Each man as he himself preferred

    partook without hesitation.

    Every two had twelve dishes between them,

    good beer and bright wine both.

 

7 Now will I tell you no more of their service,

    for everybody must well understand that there was no lack of opportunity for the people to take their food.

    Another noise full new suddenly drew nigh,

    for scarcely had the music ceased a moment,

    and the first course been properly served in the court,

    than there burst in at the hall door an awesome being,

    in height one of the tallest men in the world;

    from the neck to the waist so square and so thick was he,

    and his loins and his limbs so long and so great,

    that half giant I believed him to have been,

    or, at any rate, the largest of men,

    and withal the handsomest in spite of his bulk, that ever rode;

    for though his back and breast were so vast,

    yet his belly and waist were properly slim;

    and all his form according,

    full fairly shaped.

    At the hue of his noble face

    men wondered;

    he carried himself in hostile fashion

    and was entirely green.

 

8 All green was this man and his clothing;

    a straight coat sat tight to his sides;

    a fair mantle above, adorned within;

    the lining showed, with costly trimming

    of shining white fur; and such his hood also,

    that was caught back from his locks and lay on his shoulders,

    the hem well stretched; hose of the same green,

    that clung to his calf; and clean spurs under,

    of bright gold upon silk bands richly barred,

    and shoes on his shanks as the hero rides.

    And all his vesture verily was clean verdure,

    both the bars of his belt, and the other beauteous stones

    that were set in fine array

    about himself and his saddle, worked on silk.

    It would be too difficult to tell the half of the trifles

    that were embroidered there, with birds and flies,

    with gay gauds of green, — the good over in the middle;

    the pendants of the poitrel, the proud crupper,

    the bits, — and all the metal was enamelled;

    the stirrups that he stood on were coloured the same,

    and his saddle bow likewise, and his fine reins

    that glimmered and glinted all of green stones.

    The horse that he rode on was of the same

    colour too,

    a green horse, great and thick,

    a steed full stiff to guide,

    in gay embroidered bridle,

    and one right dear to his master.

 

9 This hero was splendidly dressed in green;

    and the hair of his head matched that of his horse;

    fair flowing locks enfolded his shoulders;

    a beard as big as a bush hung over his breast;

    and it, together with his splendid hair that reached from his head,

    was trimmed evenly all round above his elbows,

    so that half his arms were caught thereunder in the manner

    of a king's hood, that covers his neck.

    The mane of that great horse was much like it,

    very curly and combed, with knots full many

    folded in with gold wire about the fair green, —

    always one knot of the hair, another of gold.

    The tail and the forelock were twined in the same way,

    and both bound with a band of bright green,

    set with full precious stones the whole length of the dock,

    and then tied up with a thong in a tight knot;

    where rang many bells full bright of burnished gold.

    Such a steed in the world, such a hero as rides him,

    was never beheld in that hall before

    that time.

    His glances were like bright lightning,

    so said all that saw him.

    It seemed as if no man

    could endure under his blows.

 

10 He had neither helm nor hauberk,

    nor gorget, armour nor breastplate,

    nor shaft nor shield to guard or to smite;

    but in his one hand he had a holly twig,

    that is greenest when groves are bare,

    and an axe in his other, a huge and prodigious one,

    a weapon merciless almost beyond description;

    the head had the vast length of an ellyard,

    the blade all of green steel and of beaten gold;

    the bit brightly burnished, with a broad edge,

    as well shaped for cutting as sharp razors.

    The stern warrior gripped it by the steel of its stout staff,

    which was wound with iron to the end of the wood

    and all engraven with green in beauteous work.

    A lace was lapped about it, that was fastened at the head,

    and tied up often along the helve,

    with many precious tassels attached

    on rich embroidered buttons of the bright green.

    This hero turns him in and enters the hall,

    riding straight to the high dais, fearless of mischief.

    He greeted never a one, but looked loftily about,

    and the first word that he uttered was:

    "Where is the governor of this company? Gladly I would

    see that hero and speak

    with him."

    He cast his eye on the knights

    and rode fiercely up and down,

    stopped and gan ponder

    who was there the most renowned.

 

11 All gazed fixedly on the man,

    for everybody marvelled what it might mean,

    that a knight and a horse could have such a colour:

    as green grown as the grass, and greener, it seemed;

    shining brighter than green enamel on gold.

    All were amazed who stood there, and stalked nearer to him,

    with all the wonder in the world what he would do;

    for many marvels had they seen, but such never before.

    Therefore for phantom and faery the folk there deemed it;

    and for that reason many a noble warrior was slow to answer,

    and all were astonished at his voice and sat

    stone still in a deep silence through the rich hall.

    Their voices sank as though they had suddenly

    fallen asleep.

    I deem, however, that it was not all for fear,

    but somewhat for courtesy.

    But now let him to whom all defer

    undertake the wight.

 

12 Then Arthur before the high dais beheld that adventure,

    and saluted the stranger properly, for never was he afraid,

    and said, "Sir, welcome indeed to this place.

    I am called Arthur, the head of this hostel.

    Light courteously down and tarry, I pray thee;

    and whatso thy will is we shall wit after."

    "Nay, so help me he that sits on high," quoth the hero.

    "To dwell any time in this house was not my errand;

    but because the fame of this people is lifted up so high,

    and thy town and thy men are held the best,

    the stoutest in steel gear on steeds to ride,

    the wightest and the worthiest of the world's kind,

    and proved opponents in other proper sports;

    and here courtesy is known, as I have heard tell, —

    it is this that has enticed me hither certainly at this time.

    You may be sure by this branch that I bear here

    that I pass in peace and seek no quarrel;

    for if I had set out with a company in fighting fashion,

    I have a hauberk at home and a helm both,

    a shield and a sharp spear shining bright,

    and other weapons to wield, I ween well also;

    but since I wished no war, my weeds are softer.

    Now if thou be as bold as all men tell,

    thou wilt grant me graciously the game that

    I ask."

    Arthur knew how to answer,

    and said: "Sir courteous knight,

    if it is battle that thou cravest,

    thou shalt not fail of a fight here."

 

13 "Nay, I demand no fight; in faith I tell thee

    there are but beardless children about on this bench.

    If I were hasped in arms on a high steed

    there is no man here to match me, their might is so weak.

    Therefore I crave in this court a Christmas game,

    for it is Yule and New Year, and here are many gallants.

    If there be a man in this house who holds himself so hardy,

    is so bold in his blood, so rash in his head,

    that he dares stiffly strike one stroke for another,

    I shall give him as my gift this rich gisarm,

    this axe, that is heavy enough, to handle as he likes;

    and I shall abide the first blow as bare as I sit.

    If any warrior be wight enough to try what I propose,

    let him leap lightly to me and take this weapon —

    I quit-claim it forever, let him keep it as his own —

    and I shall stand him a stroke firmly on this floor.

    At another time, by our Lady, thou wilt grant me the boon of dealing him

    another blow;

    I will give him respite

    of a twelvemonth and a day.

    Now hie, and let us see quickly

    if any herein dare say aught."

 

14 If he had astonished them at first, stiller were then

    all the retainers in hall, the high and the low.

    The warrior on his steed settled himself in his saddle,

    and fiercely his red eyes he reeled about;

    bent his thick brows, shining green;

    and waved his beard, awaiting whoso would rise.

    When none would answer him he coughed aloud,

    stretched himself haughtily and began to speak;

    "What! Is this Arthur's house," said the hero then,

    "that is famous through so many realms?

    Where is now your pride and your conquests,

    your fierceness, and your wrath and your great words?

    Now is the revel and the renown of the Round Table

    overcome by the word of a single man;

    for all tremble for dread without a blow shown."

   With this he laughed so loud that the lord grieved;

    the blood shot for shame into his

    fair face.

    He waxed as wroth as the wind;

    and so did all that were there.

    The king so keen of mood

    then stood near that proud man.

 

15 "Sir," said he, "by heaven thy asking is foolish;

    and as thou hast demanded folly, it behooves thee to find it.

    I know no man that is aghast of thy great words.

    Give me now this gisarm, for God's sake,

    and I will grant thy boon that thou has bidden."

    Quickly he leaped to him and caught at his hand;

    and the other alights fiercely on foot.

    Now Arthur has his axe, and grips the helve;

    he whirls it sternly about as if he meant to strife with it.

    The bold stranger stood upright before him,

    higher than any in the house by a head and more;

    with stern cheer he stood there, stroked his beard,

    and with cool countenance drew down his coat,

    no more afraid or dismayed for Arthur's great strokes

    than if some one had brought him a drink of wine upon

    the bench.

    Gawain, that sat by the queen,

    turned to the king:

    "I beseech now with all courtesy

    that this affair might be mine.

 

16 "Would ye, worthy lord," quoth Gawain to the king,

    "bid me step from this bench and stand by you there, —

    that I without rudeness might leave this table

    and that my liege lady liked it not ill —

    I would come to your help before your rich court;

    for methinks it is obviously unseemly

    that such an asking is made so much of in your hall,

    even though ye yourself be willing to take it upon you,

    while so many bold ones sit about you on the bench;

    than whom, I ween, none under heaven are higher of spirit,

    nor more mighty on the field where strike is reared.

    I am the weakest, I know, and feeblest of wit;

    and to tell the truth there would be the least loss in my life.

    I am only to praise forasmuch as ye are my uncle;

    no other nobility than your blood know I in my body.

    And since this adventure is so foolish, it belongs not to you;

    I have asked it of you first; give it to me.

    Let this great court decide if I have not

    spoken well."

    The heroes took counsel together

    and they all gave the same advice, —

    to free the crowned king

    and give the game to Gawain.

 

17 Then the king commanded Gawain to rise from the table;

    and he right quickly stood up and made himself ready,

    kneeled down before the king and took the weapon;

    and Arthur lovingly left it to him, lifted up his hand

    and gave him God's blessing, and gladly bade him

    be hardy both of heart and of hand.

    "Take care, cousin," quoth the king, "that thou give him a cut;

    and if thou handle him properly, I readily believe

    that thou shalt endure the blow which he shall give after."

    Gawain goes to the man with gisarm in hand;

    and he boldly awaits him, shrinking never a whit.

    Then speaks to Sir Gawain the knight in the green;

    "Rehearse we our agreement before we go farther.

    First, I conjure thee, hero, how thou art called,

    that thou tell me it truly, so that I may believe it."

   "In good faith," quoth the knight, "Gawain am I called,

    who give you this buffet, whatever befalls after;

    and at this time twelvemonth I am to take from thee another

    with whatever weapon thou wilt, and from no wight else

    alive."

    The other answers again,

    "Sir Gawain, so thrive I

    as I am heartily glad

    that thou shalt give this blow.

 

18 "By Gog," quoth the green knight, "Sir Gawain, it delights me

    that I am to get at thy fist what I have requested here;

    and thou hast readily and truly rehearsed

    the whole of the covenant that I asked of the king,

    save that thou shalt assure me, sir, by thy troth,

    that thou wilt seek me thyself wheresoever thou thinkest

    I may be found upon the earth, and fetch for thyself such wages

    as thou dealest me today before this rich company."

   "Where should I seek thee?" quoth Gawain. "Where is thy place?

    I know never where thou livest, by him that wrought me;

    nor do I know thee, knight, thy court, nor thy name.

    But tell me truly the way and how thou art called,

    and I will use all my wit to win my way thither, —

    and that I swear thee, for a sooth, and by my sure troth.

   "New Year will suffice for that; no more is needed now,"

    quoth the man in green to Gawain the courteous.

    "To tell the truth, after I have received thy tap,

    and thou hast smitten me well, I shall promptly inform thee

    of my house and my home and mine own name.

    Then thou mayest inquire about my journey and hold promise;

    and if I speak no speech, then thou speedest the better,

    for thou mayest linger at ease in thy land and seek

    no further.

    Take now thy grim tool to thee

    and let us see how thou knockest."

    "Gladly, sir, for sooth,"

    quoth Gawain as he strokes his axe.

 

19 The green knight on the ground prepared himself properly.

    With the head a little bowed he disclosed the flesh.

    His long, lovely locks he laid over his crown,

    and let the naked nape of his neck show for the blow.

    Gawain gripped his axe and gathered it on high;

    the left foot he set before on the ground,

    and let the axe light smartly down on the naked flesh,

    so that the sharp edge severed the giant's bones,

    and shrank through the clear flesh and sheared it in twain,

    till the edge of the brown steel bit into the ground.

    The fair head fell from the neck to the earth,

    and many pushed it with their feet where it rolled forth.

    The blood burst from the body and glistened on the green.

    Yet never faltered nor fell the hero for all that;

    but stoutly he started up with firm steps,

    and fiercely he rushed forth where the heroes stood,

    caught his lovely head, and lifted it up straightaway.

    Then he turned to his steed, seized the bridle,

    stepped into the steel bow and strode aloft,

    holding the head in his hand by the hair;

    and as soberly the man sat in his saddle

    as if no mishap had ailed him, though he was headless on

    the spot.

    He turned his trunk about —

    that ugly body that bled.

    Many a one of them thought

    that he had lost his reason.

 

20 For he held the head straight up in his hand;

    turned the face toward the highest on the dais;

    and it lifted up the eyelids and looked straight out,

    and spoke thus much with his mouth, as ye may now hear:

    "Look Gawain, that thou be ready to go as thou has promised,

    and seek loyally, hero, till thou find me;

    as thou has promised in this hall in the hearing of these knights.

    To the green chapel go thou, I charge thee, to receive

    such a blow as thou has dealt. Thou deservest

    to be promptly paid on New Year's morn.

    As the knight of the green chapel many men know me;

    therefore, if thou strivest to find me, thou shalt never fail.

    And so come, or it behooves thee to be called recreant."

    With a wild rush he turned the reins,

    and flew out at the hall door — his head in his hand —

    so that the fire of the flint flew from the foal's hoofs.

    To what country he vanished knew none there;

    no more than they wist whence he

    was come.

    The king and Gawain roared

    with laughter at that green man;

    but this adventure was reckoned

    a marvel among men.

 

21 Though the courteous king wondered in his heart,

    he let no semblance be seen, but said aloud

    to the comely queen with courteous speech,

    "Dear dame, today be never dismayed;

    well becoming are such tricks at Christmas,

    in lack of entertainment, to laugh and sing about

    among these pleasant carols of knights and ladies.

    Nevertheless I may well go to my meat,

    for I can not deny that I have seen a marvel."

    He glanced at Sir Gawain and said cheerfully,

    "Now, sir, hang up thine axe; it has hewn enough."

    And it was put above the dais to hang on the tapestry

    where all men might marvel at it,

    and by it avouch the wonderful happening.

    Then they turned to the board, these heroes together —

    the king and the good knight — and the keen men served them

    double of all dainties, as was most fitting;

    with all manner of meat, and minstrelsy both.

    They spent that day in joy until it came to

    an end.

    Now take care, Sir Gawain,

    that thou blench not for the pain

    to prosecute this adventure

    that thou has taken on hand.

 

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