Cupido, unto whos comaundëment
The gentil kinrede of goddes on hy
And people infernal been obedient,
And mortel folk al serven besily,
The goddesse sonë Cithera soothly,
To alle tho that to our deitee
Ben sugets, hertly greting sende we!
In general, we wolë that ye knowe
That ladies of honour and reverence,
And other gentil women, haven sowe
Such seed of compleynt in our
audience
Of men that doon hem outrage and
offence,
That it our eres greveth for to here;
So pitous is th'effect of this
matere.
Passing al londes, on the litel yle
That cleped is Albion they most
compleyne;
They seyn, that there is croppe and
rote of gyle.
So conne tho men dissimulen and feyne
With stonding dropes in hir eyen
tweyne,
When that hir hertes feleth no
distresse,
To blinden women with hir
doublenesse.
Hir wordes spoken ben so syghingly,
With so pitousë chere and
contenaunce,
That every wight that meneth trewely
Demeth that they in herte have such
grevaunce;
They seyn so importáble is hir
penaunce
That, but hir lady lust to shewe hem
grace,
They right anoon †mot sterven in the
place.
'A, lady myn!' they seyn, 'I yow
ensure,
As doth me grace, and I shal ever be,
Whyl that my lyf may lasten and
endure,
To yow as humble and lowe in ech
degree
As possible is, and kepe al thing
secree
Right as your-selven liste that I do;
And elles moot myn herte breste
a-two.'
Ful hard it is to knowe a mannes
herte;
For outward may no man the trouthe
deme;
When word out of his mouthe may noon
asterte
But it by reson any wight shuld
queme,
So is it seyd of herte, as hit wolde
seme.
O feythful woman, ful of innocence,
Thou art deceyved by fals apparence!
By proces women, meved of pitee,
Wening that al thing were as thise
men sey,
They graunte hem grace of hir
benignitee
For that men shulde nat for hir sake
dey;
And with good herte sette hem in the
wey
Of blisful lovë—kepe it if they
conne;
Thus other-whylë women beth y-wonne.
And whan this man the pot hath by the
stele,
And fully is in his possessioun,
With that woman he kepeth not to
dele,
After if he may fynden in the toun
Any woman, his blinde affeccioun
On to bestowë; evel mote he preve!
A man, for al his othes, is hard to
leve!
And, for that every fals man hath a
make,
(As un-to every wight is light to
knowe),
Whan this traitour this woman hath
forsake,
He faste him spedeth un-to his
felowe;
Til he be there, his herte is on a
lowe;
His fals deceyt ne may him not
suffyse,
But of his treson telleth al the
wyse.
Is this a fair avaunt? is this
honour,
A man him-self accuse thus, and
diffame?
Now is it good, confesse him a
traitour,
And bringe a woman to a sclandrous
name,
And telle how he her body hath do
shame?
No worship may he thus to him
conquere,
But greet esclaundre un-to him and
here!
To herë? Nay, yet was it no repreef;
For al for vertu was it that she
wroughte;
But he that brewed hath al this
mischeef,
That spak so faire, and falsly inward
thoughte,
His be the sclaundre, as it by reson
oughte,
And un-to her a thank perpetuel,
That in a nede helpe can so wel!
Althogh of men, through sleyght and
sotiltee,
A sely, simple, and innocent woman
Betrayed is, no wonder, sith the
citee
Of Troye—as that the storie telle
can—
Betrayed was, through the disceyt of
man,
And set on fyre, and al doun
over-throwe,
And finally destroyed, as men knowe.
Betrayen men not citees grete, and
kinges?
What wight is that can shape remedye
Ageynes thise falsly purpósed
thinges?
Who can the craft such craftes to
espye
But man, whos wit ay redy is t'aplye
To thing that souneth in-to hy
falshede?
Women, beth ware of mennes sleight, I
rede!
And furthermore han thise men in
usage
That, where as they not lykly been to
spede,
Suche as they been with a double
visage
They prócuren, for to pursewe hir
nede;
He prayeth him in his causë to
procede,
And largely guerdoneth he his
travayle;
Smal witen wommen how men hem
assayle!
Another wrecche un-to his felowe
seyth:
'Thou fisshest faire! She that thee
hath fyred
Is fals and inconstaunt, and hath no
feyth.
She for the rode of folke is so
desyred
And, as an hors, fro day to day is
hyred
That, when thou twinnest fro hir
companye,
Another comth, and blered is thyn
eyë!
'Now prikke on fastë, and ryd thy
journey
Whyl thou art there; for she, behind
thy bak,
So liberal is, she wol no wight
with-sey,
But smertly of another take a snak;
For thus thise wommen faren, al the
pak!
Who-so hem trusteth, hanged mote he
be!
Ay they desyren chaunge and
noveltee!'
Wher-of procedeth this but of envye?
For he him-selve her ne winne may,
He speketh her repreef and vileinye,
As mannes blabbing tonge is wont
alway.
Thus dyvers men ful often make assay
For to distourben folk in sondry
wyse,
For they may not acheven hir empryse.
Ful many a man eek wolde, for no
good,
(That hath in love his tyme spent and
used)
Men wiste, his lady his axing
withstood,
And that he were of her pleynly
refused,
Or wast and veyn were al that he had
mused;
Wherfore he can no better remedye
But on his lady shapeth him to lye:
'Every womman,' he seyth, 'is light
to gete;
Can noon sey "nay," if she
be wel y-soght.
Who-so may leyser han, with her to
trete,
Of his purpós ne shal he faile noght,
But he on madding be so depe y-broght
That he shende al with open
hoomlinesse;
That loven wommen nat, as that I
gesse!'
To sclaundre wommen thus, what may
profyte
To gentils namely, that hem armen
sholde,
And in defence of wommen hem delyte
As that the ordre of gentilesse
wolde?
If that a man list gentil to be
holde,
He moot flee al that ther-to is
contrarie;
A sclaundring tonge is his grete
adversarie.
A foul vice is of tonge to be light;
For who-so michel clappeth, gabbeth
ofte.
The tonge of man so swift is and so
wight
That, whan it is areysed up-on lofte,
Resoun it seweth so slowly and softe,
That it him never over-take may:
Lord! so thise men ben trusty in
assay!
Al-be-it that man fynde oo woman
nyce,
Inconstant, rechelees, or variable,
Deynouse or proud, fulfilled of
malyce,
Withouten feyth or love, and
deceyvable,
Sly, queynt, and fals, in al unthrift
coupable,
Wikked and feers, and ful of
crueltee.
It foloweth nat that swiche al wommen
be.
Whan that the high god aungels formed
had,
Among hem alle whether ther werë noon
That founden was malicious and bad?
Yis! al men woot that ther was many
oon
That, for hir pryde, fil from heven
anoon.
Shul men therfore alle aungels proude
name?
Nay! he that that susteneth is to
blame.
Of twelve apostels oon a traitour
was;
The remënant yit godë were and trewe.
Than, if it happe men fyndë, per cas,
Oo womman fals, swich good is for
t'eschewe,
And deme nat that they ben alle
untrewe.
I see wel mennes owne falsenesse
Hem causeth wommen for to trusten
lesse.
O! every man oghte have an herte
tendre
Unto womman, and deme her honourable,
Whether his shap be outher thikke or
slendre,
Or be he bad or good; this is no
fable.
Every man woot, that wit hath
resonable,
That of a womman he descended is:
Than is it shame, of her to speke
amis.
A wikked tree good fruit may noon
forth bring,
For swich the fruit is, as that is
the tree.
Tak hede of whom thou took thy
biginning;
Lat thy moder be mirour unto thee.
Honoure her, if thou wolt honoured
be!
Dispyse thou her nat, in no manere,
Lest that ther-by thy wikkednesse
appere!
An old provérbë seyd is in English:
Men seyn, 'that brid or foul is
dishonest,
What that he be, and holden ful
churlish,
That useth to defoule his owne nest.'
Men, to sey wel of wommen it is best,
And nat for to despyse hem ne
deprave,
If that they wole hir honour kepe and
save.
Thise ladies eek compleynen hem on
clerkes
That they han maad bokës of hir
diffame,
In which they lakken wommen and hir
werkes
And speken of hem greet repreef and
shame,
And causëlees yive hem a wikked name.
Thus they despysed been on every syde,
And sclaundred, and bilowen on ful
wyde.
The sory bokes maken mencioun
How they betrayden, in especial,
Adam, David, Sampsoun, and Salamoun,
And many oon mo; who may rehersen al
The treson that they havë doon, and
shal?
The world hir malice may not
comprehende;
As that thise clerkes seyn, it hath
non ende.
Ovyde, in his boke called 'Remedye
Of Lovë,' greet repreef of wommen
wryteth;
Wherin, I trowe, he dide greet folye,
And every wight that in such cas
delyteth.
A clerkes custom is, whan he endyteth
Of wommen, be it prose, or ryme, or
vers,
Sey they ben wikke, al knowe he the
revers.
And that book scolers lerne in hir
childhede,
For they of wommen be war sholde in
age,
And for to love hem ever been in
drede,
Sin to deceyve is set al hir corage.
They seyn, peril to caste is
avantage,
And namely, suche as men han in be
wrapped;
For many a man by woman hath
mishapped.
No charge is, what-so that thise
clerkes seyn;
Of al hir wrong wryting I do no cure;
Al hir travayle and labour is in
veyn.
For, betwex me and my lady Nature,
Shal nat be suffred, whyl the world
may dure,
Thise clerkes, by hir cruel tyrannye,
Thus upon wommen kythen hir maistrye.
Whylom ful many of hem were in my
cheyne
Y-tyed, and now, what for unweldy age
And for unlust, may not to love
atteyne,
And seyn, that love is but verray
dotage.
Thus, for that they hem-self lakken
corage,
They folk excyten, by hir wikked
sawes,
For to rebelle agayn me and my lawes.
But, maugre hem that blamen wommen
most,
Suche is the force of myn
impressioun,
That sodeinly I felle can hir bost
And al hir wrong imaginacioun.
It shal not been in hir eleccioun
The foulest slutte of al a toun
refuse,
If that me list, for al that they can
muse;
But her in herte as brenningly desyre
As thogh she were a duchesse or a
quene;
So can I folkes hertes sette on fyre,
And (as me list) hem sende joye or
tene.
They that to wommen been y-whet so
kene
My sharpe persing strokes, how they
smyte,
Shul fele and knowe; and how they
kerve and byte.
Perdee, this grete clerk, this sotil
Ovyde
And many another han deceyved be
Of wommen, as it knowen is ful wyde;
Wot no man more; and that is greet
deyntee,
So excellent a clerk as that was he,
And other mo that coude so wel preche
Betrapped were, for aught they coude
teche.
And trusteth wel, that it is no
mervayle;
For wommen knewen pleynly hir
entente.
They wiste how sotilly they coude
assayle
Hem, and what falshood they in herte
mente;
And thise clerkes they in hir daunger
hente.
With oo venym another was distroyed;
And thus thise clerkes often were
anoyed.
Thise ladies ne thise gentils,
nevertheles,
Were noon of tho that wroughten in
this wyse;
But swiche filthes as were vertules
They quitten thus thise olde clerkes
wyse.
To clerkes forthy lesse may suffyse
Than to deprave wommen generally;
For worship shul they gete noon
therby.
If that thise men, that lovers hem
pretende,
To wommen weren feythful, gode, and
trewe,
And dredde hem to deceyven or
offende,
Wommen to love hem wolde nat eschewe.
But every day hath man an herte newe;
It upon oon abyde can no whyle.
What fors is it, swich a wight to
begyle?
Men beren eek thise wommen upon honde
That lightly, and withouten any
peyne,
They wonne been; they can no wight
withstonde
That his disese list to hem
compleyne.
They been so freel, they mowe hem nat
refreyne;
But who-so lyketh may hem lightly
have;
So been hir hertes esy in to grave.
To maister Iohn de Meun, as I
suppose,
Than it was a lewd occupacioun
In making of the Romance of the Rose;
So many a sly imaginacioun
And perils for to rollen up and doun,
So long proces, so many a sly cautele
For to deceyve a sely damosele!
Nat can I seen, ne my wit comprehende
That art and peyne and sotiltee sholde
fayle
For to conquére, and sone make an
ende,
Whan man a feble place shal assayle;
And sone also to venquisshe a batayle
Of which no wight dar maken
resistence,
Ne herte hath noon to stonden at
defence.
Than moot it folwen of necessitee, ´
Sin art asketh so greet engyn and
peyne
A womman to disceyve, what she be,
Of constauncë they been not so
bareyne
As that somme of thise sotil clerkes
feyne;
But they ben as that wommen oghten
be,
Sad, constant, and fulfilled of
pitee.
How frendly was Medea to Jasoun
In the conquéring of the flees of
gold!
How falsly quitte he her affeccioun
By whom victórie he gat, as he hath
wold!
How may this man, for shame, be so
bold
To falsen her, that from his dethe
and shame
Him kepte, and gat him so gret prys
and name?
Of Troye also the traitour Eneas,
The feythles wrecche, how hath he him
forswore
To Dido, that queen of Cartágë was,
That him releved of his smertes sore!
What gentilesse might she han doon
more
Than she with herte unfeyned to him
kidde?
And what mischeef to her ther-of
betidde!
In my Legende of Martres men may
fynde
(Who-so that lyketh therin for to
rede)
That ooth noon ne behest may no man
bynde;
Of reprevable shame han they no
drede.
In mannes herte trouthe hath no
stede;
The soil is noght, ther may no
trouthe growe!
To womman namely it is nat unknowe.
Clerkes seyn also: 'ther is no malyce
Unto wommannes crabbed wikkednesse!'
O woman! How shalt thou thy-self
chevyce,
Sin men of thee so muchel harm
witnesse?
No fors! Do forth! Takë no hevinesse!
Kepë thyn ownë, what men clappe or
crake;
And somme of hem shul smerte, I
undertake!
Malyce of wommen, what is it to
drede?
They slee no men, distroyen no
citees;
They not oppressen folk ne overlede,
Betraye empyres, remes, ne duchees,
Ne men bereve hir landes ne hir mees,
Empoyson folk, ne houses sette on
fyre,
Ne false contractes maken for non
hyre!
Trust, perfit love, and entere
charitee,
Fervent wil, and entalented corage
To thewes gode, as it sit wel to be,
Han wommen ay, of custome and usage;
And wel they can a mannes ire aswage
With softe wordes discreet and
benigne;
What they be inward, sheweth outward
signe.
Wommannes herte un-to no crueltee
Enclyned is, but they ben charitable,
Pitous, devout, fulle of humilitee,
Shamfaste, debonaire, and amiable,
Dredful, and of hir wordes mesurable:
What womman thise hath not,
peraventure,
Ne folweth nat the wey of her nature.
Men seyn: 'our firste moder,
natheles,
Made al man-kynde lese his libertee,
And naked it of joye, douteles;
For goddes hestes disobeyed she,
Whan she presumed tasten of a tree,
Which god forbad that she nat ete of
sholde;
And, nad the devel been, namore she
wolde.'
Th' envýous swelling that the feend,
our fo,
Had unto man in herte, for his
welthe,
Sente a serpent, and made her for to
go
To disceyve Eve; and thus was mannes
helthe
Beraft him by the fende, right in a
stelthe,
The womman noght knowing of the
deceyt;
God wot, ful fer was it from her
conceyt.
Wherfore I sey, this godë womman Eve
Our fader Adam ne deceyved noght.
Ther may no man for a deceyt it preve
Proprely, but-if that she, in her
thoght,
Had it compassed first, er it was
wroght;
And, for swich was nat her
impressioun,
Men calle it may no déceyt, by
resoun.
No wight deceyveth but he it purpóse;
The feend this déceyt caste, and
nothing she.
Than is it wrong to demen or suppose
That she sholde of this harm the
cause be.
Wyteth the feend, and his be the
maugree;
And for excused have her innocence,
Sauf only that she brak obedience.
And touching this, ful fewe men ther
been,
Unnethes any, dar I saufly seye—
Fro day to day, as that men mow wel
seen,
But that the hest of god they
disobeye.
Have this in mynde, sires, I yow
preye;
If that ye be discreet and resonable,
Ye wol her holde the more excusable.
And wher men seyn, 'in man is
stedfastnesse,
And woman is of her corage unstable,'
Who may of Adam bere swich witnesse?
Telleth me this:—was he nat
chaungeable?
They bothe weren in a caas semblable,
Sauf willingly the feend deceyved
Eve,
And so did she nat Adam, by your
leve.
Yet was this sinne happy to mankynde,
The feend deceyved was, for al his
sleight;
For aught he coude him in his
sleightes wynde,
God, to discharge mankynde of the
weight
Of his trespas, cam doun from hevenes
height,
And flesh and blood he took of a
virgyne,
And suffred deeth, him to deliver of
pyne.
And god, to whom ther may nothing hid
be,
If he in woman knowe had such malyce
As men of hem recorde in generaltee,
Of our lady, of lyf reparatryce,
Nolde han be born; but, for that she
of vyce
Was voyde, and of al vertu (wel he
wiste)
Endowed, of her to be bore him liste.
Her heped vertu hath swich excellence
That al to lene is mannes facultee
To déclare it, and therfor in
suspence
Her duë preysing put mot nedes be.
But this we witen verrayly, that she,
Next god, the best frend is that to
man longeth;
The key of mercy by her girdil
hongeth.
And of mercy hath every man swich
nede
That, cessing that, farwel the joye
of man!
Of her power now taketh right good
hede;
She mercy may, wol, and purchace can.
Displese her nat, honoureth that
womman,
And other wommen alle, for her sake!
And, but ye do, your sorowe shal
awake.
Thou precious gemme, O martir Margarete,
Of thy blood draddest noon effusioun!
Thy martirdom ne may I nat foryete;
Thou, constant womman in thy
passioun,
Overcoom the feendes temptacioun;
And many a wight converted thy
doctryne
Unto the feith of god, holy virgyne!
But understondeth, I commende hir
noght
By enchesoun of hir virginitee;
Trusteth right wel, it cam not in my
thoght;
For ever I werrey ayein chastitee,
And ever shal; but this, lo! meveth
me,
Her loving herte and constant to her
lay
Dryve out of rémembrauncë I ne may.
In any boke also wher can ye fynde,
That of the werkes or the dethe or
lyf
Of Jesu speketh, or maketh any mynde,
That womman him forsook, for wo or
stryf?
Wher was ther any wight so ententyf
Abouten him as wommen? Pardee, noon!
Th'apostels him forsoken, everichoon.
Womman forsook him noght; for al the
feyth
Of holy chirche in womman lefte only.
This is no lees, for holy writ thus
seyth;
Loke, and ye shal so fynde it,
hardely.
And therfore it may preved be therby,
That in womman regneth stable
constaunce
And in men is the chaunge and
variaunce!
Now holdeth this for ferme and for no
lye,
That this trewe and just
commendacioun
Of wommen is nat told for flaterye,
Ne to cause hem pryde or elacioun,
But only, lo! for this entencioun,
To yeve hem corage of perseveraunce
In vertu, and hir honour to enhaunce.
The more vertu, the lasse is the
pryde;
Vertu so digne is, and so noble in
kynde
That vyce and she wol not in-fere
abyde.
She putteth vyce clene out of her
mynde,
She fleeth from him, she leveth him
behynde.
O womman, that of vertu art hostesse,
Greet is thyn honour and thy
worthinesse!
Than wol we thus concluden and
diffyne:
We yow comaunde, our ministres,
echoon
That redy been to our hestes enclyne,
That of thise false men, our rebel
foon,
Ye do punisshëment, and that anoon!
Voide hem our court and banish hem
for ever
So that ther-inne they ne come never.
Fulfilled be it, cessing al delay;
Look that ther be non excusacioun.
Writen in th'ayr, the lusty month of
May,
In our paleys (wher many a millioun
Of loveres trewe han habitacioun)
The yere of grace joyful and jocounde
A thousand and foure hundred and
secounde.