Tuesday, 20 August 2019

Tuesday's Serial: "Island Night's Entertainments" by Robert Louis Stevenson (in English) - II


CHAPTER III. THE MISSIONARY.
                AS I came out on the verandah, the mission-boat was shooting for the mouth of the river. She was a long whale-boat painted white; a bit of an awning astern; a native pastor crouched on the wedge of the poop, steering; some four-and-twenty paddles flashing and dipping, true to the boat-song; and the missionary under the awning, in his white clothes, reading in a book, and set him up! It was pretty to see and hear; there's no smarter sight in the islands than a missionary boat with a good crew and a good pipe to them; and I considered it for half a minute, with a bit of envy perhaps, and then strolled down towards the river.
                From the opposite side there was another man aiming for the same place, but he ran and got there first. It was Case; doubtless his idea was to keep me apart from the missionary, who might serve me as interpreter; but my mind was upon other things. I was thinking how he had jockeyed us about the marriage, and tried his hand on Uma before; and at the sight of him rage flew into my nostrils.
                "Get out of that, you low, swindling thief!" I cried.
                "What's that you say?" says he.
                I gave him the word again, and rammed it down with a good oath. "And if ever I catch you within six fathoms of my house," I cried, "I'll clap a bullet in your measly carcase."
                "You must do as you like about your house," said he, "where I told you I have no thought of going; but this is a public place."
                "It's a place where I have private business," said I. "I have no idea of a hound like you eavesdropping, and I give you notice to clear out."
                "I don't take it, though," says Case.
                "I'll show you, then," said I.
                "We'll have to see about that," said he.
                He was quick with his hands, but he had neither the height nor the weight, being a flimsy creature alongside a man like me, and, besides, I was blazing to that height of wrath that I could have bit into a chisel. I gave him first the one and then the other, so that I could hear his head rattle and crack, and he went down straight.
                "Have you had enough?" cried I. But he only looked up white and blank, and the blood spread upon his face like wine upon a napkin. "Have you had enough?" I cried again. "Speak up, and don't lie malingering there, or I'll take my feet to you."
                He sat up at that, and held his head - by the look of him you could see it was spinning - and the blood poured on his pyjamas.
                "I've had enough for this time," says he, and he got up staggering, and went off by the way that he had come.
                The boat was close in; I saw the missionary had laid his book to one side, and I smiled to myself. "He'll know I'm a man, anyway," thinks I.
                This was the first time, in all my years in the Pacific, I had ever exchanged two words with any missionary, let alone asked one for a favour. I didn't like the lot, no trader does; they look down upon us, and make no concealment; and, besides, they're partly Kanakaised, and suck up with natives instead of with other white men like themselves. I had on a rig of clean striped pyjamas - for, of course, I had dressed decent to go before the chiefs; but when I saw the missionary step out of this boat in the regular uniform, white duck clothes, pith helmet, white shirt and tie, and yellow boots to his feet, I could have bunged stones at him. As he came nearer, queering me pretty curious (because of the fight, I suppose), I saw he looked mortal sick, for the truth was he had a fever on, and had just had a chill in the boat.
                "Mr. Tarleton, I believe?" says I, for I had got his name.
                "And you, I suppose, are the new trader?" says he.
                "I want to tell you first that I don't hold with missions," I went on, "and that I think you and the likes of you do a sight of harm, filling up the natives with old wives' tales and bumptiousness."
                "You are perfectly entitled to your opinions," says he, looking a bit ugly, "but I have no call to hear them."
                "It so happens that you've got to hear them," I said. "I'm no missionary, nor missionary lover; I'm no Kanaka, nor favourer of Kanakas - I'm just a trader; I'm just a common, low-down, God- damned white man and British subject, the sort you would like to wipe your boots on. I hope that's plain!"
                "Yes, my man," said he. "It's more plain than creditable. When you are sober, you'll be sorry for this."
                He tried to pass on, but I stopped him with my hand. The Kanakas were beginning to growl. Guess they didn't like my tone, for I spoke to that man as free as I would to you.
                "Now, you can't say I've deceived you," said I, "and I can go on. I want a service - I want two services, in fact; and, if you care to give me them, I'll perhaps take more stock in what you call your Christianity."
                He was silent for a moment. Then he smiled. "You are rather a strange sort of man," says he.
                "I'm the sort of man God made me," says I. "I don't set up to be a gentleman," I said.
                "I am not quite so sure," said he. "And what can I do for you, Mr. - ?"
                "Wiltshire," I says, "though I'm mostly called Welsher; but Wiltshire is the way it's spelt, if the people on the beach could only get their tongues about it. And what do I want? Well, I'll tell you the first thing. I'm what you call a sinner - what I call a sweep - and I want you to help me make it up to a person I've deceived."
                He turned and spoke to his crew in the native. "And now I am at your service," said he, "but only for the time my crew are dining. I must be much farther down the coast before night. I was delayed at Papa-Malulu till this morning, and I have an engagement in Fale- alii to-morrow night."
                I led the way to my house in silence, and rather pleased with myself for the way I had managed the talk, for I like a man to keep his self-respect.
                "I was sorry to see you fighting," says he.
                "O, that's part of the yarn I want to tell you," I said. "That's service number two. After you've heard it you'll let me know whether you're sorry or not."
                We walked right in through the store, and I was surprised to find Uma had cleared away the dinner things. This was so unlike her ways that I saw she had done it out of gratitude, and liked her the better. She and Mr. Tarleton called each other by name, and he was very civil to her seemingly. But I thought little of that; they can always find civility for a Kanaka, it's us white men they lord it over. Besides, I didn't want much Tarleton just them. I was going to do my pitch.
                "Uma," said I, "give us your marriage certificate." She looked put out. "Come," said I, "you can trust me. Hand it up."
                She had it about her person, as usual; I believe she thought it was a pass to heaven, and if she died without having it handy she would go to hell. I couldn't see where she put it the first time, I couldn't see now where she took it from; it seemed to jump into her hand like that Blavatsky business in the papers. But it's the same way with all island women, and I guess they're taught it when young.
                "Now," said I, with the certificate in my hand, "I was married to this girl by Black Jack the negro. The certificate was wrote by Case, and it's a dandy piece of literature, I promise you. Since then I've found that there's a kind of cry in the place against this wife of mine, and so long as I keep her I cannot trade. Now, what would any man do in my place, if he was a man?" I said. "The first thing he would do is this, I guess." And I took and tore up the certificate and bunged the pieces on the floor.
                "AUE!" (2) cried Uma, and began to clap her hands; but I caught one of them in mine.
                "And the second thing that he would do," said I, "if he was what I would call a man and you would call a man, Mr. Tarleton, is to bring the girl right before you or any other missionary, and to up and say: 'I was wrong married to this wife of mine, but I think a heap of her, and now I want to be married to her right.' Fire away, Mr. Tarleton. And I guess you'd better do it in native; it'll please the old lady," I said, giving her the proper name of a man's wife upon the spot.
                So we had in two of the crew for to witness, and were spliced in our own house; and the parson prayed a good bit, I must say - but not so long as some - and shook hands with the pair of us.
                "Mr. Wiltshire," he says, when he had made out the lines and packed off the witnesses, "I have to thank you for a very lively pleasure. I have rarely performed the marriage ceremony with more grateful emotions."
                That was what you would call talking. He was going on, besides, with more of it, and I was ready for as much taffy as he had in stock, for I felt good. But Uma had been taken up with something half through the marriage, and cut straight in.
                "How your hand he get hurt?" she asked.
                "You ask Case's head, old lady," says I.
                She jumped with joy, and sang out.
                "You haven't made much of a Christian of this one," says I to Mr. Tarleton.
                "We didn't think her one of our worst," says he, "when she was at Fale-alii; and if Uma bears malice I shall be tempted to fancy she has good cause."
                "Well, there we are at service number two," said I. "I want to tell you our yarn, and see if you can let a little daylight in."
                "Is it long?" he asked.
                "Yes," I cried; "it's a goodish bit of a yarn!"
                "Well, I'll give you all the time I can spare," says he, looking at his watch. "But I must tell you fairly, I haven't eaten since five this morning, and, unless you can let me have something I am not likely to eat again before seven or eight to-night."
                "By God, we'll give you dinner!" I cried.
                I was a little caught up at my swearing, just when all was going straight; and so was the missionary, I suppose, but he made believe to look out of the window, and thanked us.
                So we ran him up a bit of a meal. I was bound to let the old lady have a hand in it, to show off, so I deputised her to brew the tea. I don't think I ever met such tea as she turned out. But that was not the worst, for she got round with the salt-box, which she considered an extra European touch, and turned my stew into sea- water. Altogether, Mr. Tarleton had a devil of a dinner of it; but he had plenty entertainment by the way, for all the while that we were cooking, and afterwards, when he was making believe to eat, I kept posting him up on Master Case and the beach of Falesa, and he putting questions that showed he was following close.
                "Well," said he at last, "I am afraid you have a dangerous enemy. This man Case is very clever and seems really wicked. I must tell you I have had my eye on him for nearly a year, and have rather had the worst of our encounters. About the time when the last representative of your firm ran so suddenly away, I had a letter from Namu, the native pastor, begging me to come to Falesa at my earliest convenience, as his flock were all 'adopting Catholic practices.' I had great confidence in Namu; I fear it only shows how easily we are deceived. No one could hear him preach and not be persuaded he was a man of extraordinary parts. All our islanders easily acquire a kind of eloquence, and can roll out and illustrate, with a great deal of vigour and fancy, second-hand sermons; but Namu's sermons are his own, and I cannot deny that I have found them means of grace. Moreover, he has a keen curiosity in secular things, does not fear work, is clever at carpentering, and has made himself so much respected among the neighbouring pastors that we call him, in a jest which is half serious, the Bishop of the East. In short, I was proud of the man; all the more puzzled by his letter, and took an occasion to come this way. The morning before my arrival, Vigours had been sent on board the LION, and Namu was perfectly at his ease, apparently ashamed of his letter, and quite unwilling to explain it. This, of course, I could not allow, and he ended by confessing that he had been much concerned to find his people using the sign of the cross, but since he had learned the explanation his mind was satisfied. For Vigours had the Evil Eye, a common thing in a country of Europe called Italy, where men were often struck dead by that kind of devil, and it appeared the sign of the cross was a charm against its power.
                "'And I explain it, Misi,' said Namu, 'in this way: The country in Europe is a Popey country, and the devil of the Evil Eye may be a Catholic devil, or, at least, used to Catholic ways. So then I reasoned thus: if this sign of the cross were used in a Popey manner it would be sinful, but when it is used only to protect men from a devil, which is a thing harmless in itself, the sign too must be, as a bottle is neither good nor bad, harmless. For the sign is neither good nor bad. But if the bottle be full of gin, the gin is bad; and if the sign be made in idolatry bad, so is the idolatry.' And, very like a native pastor, he had a text apposite about the casting out of devils.
                "'And who has been telling you about the Evil Eye?' I asked.
                "He admitted it was Case. Now, I am afraid you will think me very narrow, Mr. Wiltshire, but I must tell you I was displeased, and cannot think a trader at all a good man to advise or have an influence upon my pastors. And, besides, there had been some flying talk in the country of old Adams and his being poisoned, to which I had paid no great heed; but it came back to me at the moment.
                "'And is this Case a man of a sanctified life?' I asked.
                "He admitted he was not; for, though he did not drink, he was profligate with women, and had no religion.
                " 'Then,' said I, 'I think the less you have to do with him the better.'
                "But it is not easy to have the last word with a man like Namu. He was ready in a moment with an illustration. 'Misi,' said he, 'you have told me there were wise men, not pastors, not even holy, who knew many things useful to be taught - about trees for instance, and beasts, and to print books, and about the stones that are burned to make knives of. Such men teach you in your college, and you learn from them, but take care not to learn to be unholy. Misi, Case is my college.'
                "I knew not what to say. Mr. Vigours had evidently been driven out of Falesa by the machinations of Case and with something not very unlike the collusion of my pastor. I called to mind it was Namu who had reassured me about Adams and traced the rumour to the ill- will of the priest. And I saw I must inform myself more thoroughly from an impartial source. There is an old rascal of a chief here, Faiaso, whom I dare say you saw to-day at the council; he has been all his life turbulent and sly, a great fomenter of rebellions, and a thorn in the side of the mission and the island. For all that he is very shrewd, and, except in politics or about his own misdemeanours, a teller of the truth. I went to his house, told him what I had heard, and besought him to be frank. I do not think I had ever a more painful interview. Perhaps you will understand me, Mr. Wiltshire, if I tell you that I am perfectly serious in these old wives' tales with which you reproached me, and as anxious to do well for these islands as you can be to please and to protect your pretty wife. And you are to remember that I thought Namu a paragon, and was proud of the man as one of the first ripe fruits of the mission. And now I was informed that he had fallen in a sort of dependence upon Case. The beginning of it was not corrupt; it began, doubtless, in fear and respect, produced by trickery and pretence; but I was shocked to find that another element had been lately added, that Namu helped himself in the store, and was believed to be deep in Case's debt. Whatever the trader said, that Namu believed with trembling. He was not alone in this; many in the village lived in a similar subjection; but Namu's case was the most influential, it was through Namu Case had wrought most evil; and with a certain following among the chiefs, and the pastor in his pocket, the man was as good as master of the village. You know something of Vigours and Adams, but perhaps you have never heard of old Underhill, Adams' predecessor. He was a quiet, mild old fellow, I remember, and we were told he had died suddenly: white men die very suddenly in Falesa. The truth, as I now heard it, made my blood run cold. It seems he was struck with a general palsy, all of him dead but one eye, which he continually winked. Word was started that the helpless old man was now a devil, and this vile fellow Case worked upon the natives' fears, which he professed to share, and pretended he durst not go into the house alone. At last a grave was dug, and the living body buried at the far end of the village. Namu, my pastor, whom I had helped to educate, offered up a prayer at the hateful scene.
                "I felt myself in a very difficult position. Perhaps it was my duty to have denounced Namu and had him deposed. Perhaps I think so now, but at the time it seemed less clear. He had a great influence, it might prove greater than mine. The natives are prone to superstition; perhaps by stirring them up I might but ingrain and spread these dangerous fancies. And Namu besides, apart from this novel and accursed influence, was a good pastor, an able man, and spiritually minded. Where should I look for a better? How was I to find as good? At that moment, with Namu's failure fresh in my view, the work of my life appeared a mockery; hope was dead in me. I would rather repair such tools as I had than go abroad in quest of others that must certainly prove worse; and a scandal is, at the best, a thing to be avoided when humanly possible. Right or wrong, then, I determined on a quiet course. All that night I denounced and reasoned with the erring pastor, twitted him with his ignorance and want of faith, twitted him with his wretched attitude, making clean the outside of the cup and platter, callously helping at a murder, childishly flying in excitement about a few childish, unnecessary, and inconvenient gestures; and long before day I had him on his knees and bathed in the tears of what seemed a genuine repentance. On Sunday I took the pulpit in the morning, and preached from First Kings, nineteenth, on the fire, the earthquake, and the voice, distinguishing the true spiritual power, and referring with such plainness as I dared to recent events in Falesa. The effect produced was great, and it was much increased when Namu rose in his turn and confessed that he had been wanting in faith and conduct, and was convinced of sin. So far, then, all was well; but there was one unfortunate circumstance. It was nearing the time of our 'May' in the island, when the native contributions to the missions are received; it fell in my duty to make a notification on the subject, and this gave my enemy his chance, by which he was not slow to profit.
                "News of the whole proceedings must have been carried to Case as soon as church was over, and the same afternoon he made an occasion to meet me in the midst of the village. He came up with so much intentness and animosity that I felt it would be damaging to avoid him.
                "'So,' says he, in native, 'here is the holy man. He has been preaching against me, but that was not in his heart. He has been preaching upon the love of God; but that was not in his heart, it was between his teeth. Will you know what was in his heart?' - cries he. 'I will show it you!' And, making a snatch at my head, he made believe to pluck out a dollar, and held it in the air.
                "There went that rumour through the crowd with which Polynesians receive a prodigy. As for myself, I stood amazed. The thing was a common conjuring trick which I have seen performed at home a score of times; but how was I to convince the villagers of that? I wished I had learned legerdemain instead of Hebrew, that I might have paid the fellow out with his own coin. But there I was; I could not stand there silent, and the best I could find to say was weak.
                "'I will trouble you not to lay hands on me again,' said I.
                "'I have no such thought,' said he, 'nor will I deprive you of your dollar. Here it is,' he said, and flung it at my feet. I am told it lay where it fell three days."
                "I must say it was well played, said I.
                "O! he is clever," said Mr. Tarleton, "and you can now see for yourself how dangerous. He was a party to the horrid death of the paralytic; he is accused of poisoning Adams; he drove Vigours out of the place by lies that might have led to murder; and there is no question but he has now made up his mind to rid himself of you. How he means to try we have no guess; only be sure, it's something new. There is no end to his readiness and invention."
                "He gives himself a sight of trouble," says I. "And after all, what for?"
                "Why, how many tons of copra may they make in this district?" asked the missionary.
                "I daresay as much as sixty tons," says I.
                "And what is the profit to the local trader?" he asked.
                "You may call it, three pounds," said I.
                "Then you can reckon for yourself how much he does it for," said Mr. Tarleton. "But the more important thing is to defeat him. It is clear he spread some report against Uma, in order to isolate and have his wicked will of her. Failing of that, and seeing a new rival come upon the scene, he used her in a different way. Now, the first point to find out is about Namu. Uma, when people began to leave you and your mother alone, what did Namu do?"
                "Stop away all-e-same," says Uma.
                "I fear the dog has returned to his vomit," said Mr. Tarleton. "And now what am I to do for you? I will speak to Namu, I will warn him he is observed; it will be strange if he allow anything to go on amiss when he is put upon his guard. At the same time, this precaution may fail, and then you must turn elsewhere. You have two people at hand to whom you might apply. There is, first of all, the priest, who might protect you by the Catholic interest; they are a wretchedly small body, but they count two chiefs. And then there is old Faiaso. Ah! if it had been some years ago you would have needed no one else; but his influence is much reduced, it has gone into Maea's hands, and Maea, I fear, is one of Case's jackals. In fine, if the worst comes to the worst, you must send up or come yourself to Fale-alii, and, though I am not due at this end of the island for a month, I will just see what can be done."
                So Mr. Tarleton said farewell; and half an hour later the crew were singing and the paddles flashing in the missionary-boat.

CHAPTER IV - DEVIL-WORK.
                Near a month went by without much doing. The same night of our marriage Galoshes called round, and made himself mighty civil, and got into a habit of dropping in about dark and smoking his pipe with the family. He could talk to Uma, of course, and started to teach me native and French at the same time. He was a kind old buffer, though the dirtiest you would wish to see, and he muddled me up with foreign languages worse than the tower of Babel.
                That was one employment we had, and it made me feel less lonesome; but there was no profit in the thing, for though the priest came and sat and yarned, none of his folks could be enticed into my store; and if it hadn't been for the other occupation I struck out, there wouldn't have been a pound of copra in the house. This was the idea: Fa'avao (Uma's mother) had a score of bearing trees. Of course we could get no labour, being all as good as tabooed, and the two women and I turned to and made copra with our own hands. It was copra to make your mouth water when it was done - I never understood how much the natives cheated me till I had made that four hundred pounds of my own hand - and it weighed so light I felt inclined to take and water it myself.
                When we were at the job a good many Kanakas used to put in the best of the day looking on, and once that nigger turned up. He stood back with the natives and laughed and did the big don and the funny dog, till I began to get riled.
                "Here, you nigger!" says I.
                "I don't address myself to you, Sah," says the nigger. "Only speak to gen'le'um."
                "I know," says I, "but it happens I was addressing myself to you, Mr. Black Jack. And all I want to know is just this: did you see Case's figurehead about a week ago?"
                "No, Sah," says he.
                "That's all right, then," says I; "for I'll show you the own brother to it, only black, in the inside of about two minutes."
                And I began to walk towards him, quite slow, and my hands down; only there was trouble in my eye, if anybody took the pains to look.
                "You're a low, obstropulous fellow, Sab," says he.
                "You bet!" says I.
                By that time he thought I was about as near as convenient, and lit out so it would have done your heart good to see him travel. And that was all I saw of that precious gang until what I am about to tell you.
                It was one of my chief employments these days to go pot-hunting in the woods, which I found (as Case had told me) very rich in game. I have spoken of the cape which shut up the village and my station from the east. A path went about the end of it, and led into the next bay. A strong wind blew here daily, and as the line of the barrier reef stopped at the end of the cape, a heavy surf ran on the shores of the bay. A little cliffy hill cut the valley in two parts, and stood close on the beach; and at high water the sea broke right on the face of it, so that all passage was stopped. Woody mountains hemmed the place all round; the barrier to the east was particularly steep and leafy, the lower parts of it, along the sea, falling in sheer black cliffs streaked with cinnabar; the upper part lumpy with the tops of the great trees. Some of the trees were bright green, and some red, and the sand of the beach as black as your shoes. Many birds hovered round the bay, some of them snow-white; and the flying-fox (or vampire) flew there in broad daylight, gnashing its teeth.
                For a long while I came as far as this shooting, and went no farther. There was no sign of any path beyond, and the cocoa-palms in the front of the foot of the valley were the last this way. For the whole "eye" of the island, as natives call the windward end, lay desert. From Falesa round about to Papa-malulu, there was neither house, nor man, nor planted fruit-tree; and the reef being mostly absent, and the shores bluff, the sea beat direct among crags, and there was scarce a landing-place.
                I should tell you that after I began to go in the woods, although no one offered to come near my store, I found people willing enough to pass the time of day with me where nobody could see them; and as I had begun to pick up native, and most of them had a word or two of English, I began to hold little odds and ends of conversation, not to much purpose to be sure, but they took off the worst of the feeling, for it's a miserable thing to be made a leper of.
                It chanced one day towards the end of the month, that I was sitting in this bay in the edge of the bush, looking east, with a Kanaka. I had given him a fill of tobacco, and we were making out to talk as best we could; indeed, he had more English than most.
                I asked him if there was no road going eastward.
                "One time one road," said he. "Now he dead."
                "Nobody he go there?" I asked.
                "No good," said he. "Too much devil he stop there."
                "Oho!" says I, "got-um plenty devil, that bush?"
                "Man devil, woman devil; too much devil," said my friend. "Stop there all-e-time. Man he go there, no come back."
                I thought if this fellow was so well posted on devils and spoke of them so free, which is not common, I had better fish for a little information about myself and Uma.
                "You think me one devil?" I asked.
                "No think devil," said he soothingly. "Think all-e-same fool."
                "Uma, she devil?" I asked again.
                "No, no; no devil. Devil stop bush," said the young man.
                I was looking in front of me across the bay, and I saw the hanging front of the woods pushed suddenly open, and Case, with a gun in his hand, step forth into the sunshine on the black beach. He was got up in light pyjamas, near white, his gun sparkled, he looked mighty conspicuous; and the land-crabs scuttled from all round him to their holes.
                "Hullo, my friend!" says I, "you no talk all-e-same true. Ese he go, he come back."
                "Ese no all-e-same; Ese TIAPOLO," says my friend; and, with a "Good-bye," slunk off among the trees.
                I watched Case all round the beach, where the tide was low; and let him pass me on the homeward way to Falesa. He was in deep thought, and the birds seemed to know it, trotting quite near him on the sand, or wheeling and calling in his ears. When he passed me I could see by the working of his lips that he was talking to himself, and what pleased me mightily, he had still my trade mark on his brow, I tell you the plain truth: I had a mind to give him a gunful in his ugly mug, but I thought better of it.
                All this time, and all the time I was following home, I kept repeating that native word, which I remembered by "Polly, put the kettle on and make us all some tea," tea-a-pollo.
                "Uma," says I, when I got back, "what does TIAPOLO mean?"
                "Devil," says she.
                "I thought AITU was the word for that," I said.
                "AITU 'nother kind of devil," said she; "stop bush, eat Kanaka. Tiapolo big chief devil, stop home; all-e-same Christian devil."
                "Well then," said I, "I'm no farther forward. How can Case be Tiapolo?"
                "No all-e-same," said she. "Ese belong Tiapolo; Tiapolo too much like; Ese all-e-same his son. Suppose Ese he wish something, Tiapolo he make him."
                "That's mighty convenient for Ese," says I. "And what kind of things does he make for him?"
                Well, out came a rigmarole of all sorts of stories, many of which (like the dollar he took from Mr. Tarleton's head) were plain enough to me, but others I could make nothing of; and the thing that most surprised the Kanakas was what surprised me least - namely, that he would go in the desert among all the AITUS. Some of the boldest, however, had accompanied him, and had heard him speak with the dead and give them orders, and, safe in his protection, had returned unscathed. Some said he had a church there, where he worshipped Tiapolo, and Tiapolo appeared to him; others swore that there was no sorcery at all, that he performed his miracles by the power of prayer, and the church was no church, but a prison, in which he had confined a dangerous AITU. Namu had been in the bush with him once, and returned glorifying God for these wonders. Altogether, I began to have a glimmer of the man's position, and the means by which he had acquired it, and, though I saw he was a tough nut to crack, I was noways cast down.
                "Very well," said I, "I'll have a look at Master Case's place of worship myself, and we'll see about the glorifying."
                At this Uma fell in a terrible taking; if I went in the high bush I should never return; none could go there but by the protection of Tiapolo.
                "I'll chance it on God's," said I. "I'm a good sort of a fellow, Uma, as fellows go, and I guess God'll con me through."
                She was silent for a while. "I think," said she, mighty solemn - and then, presently - "Victoreea, he big chief?"
                "You bet!" said I.
                "He like you too much?" she asked again.
                I told her, with a grin, I believed the old lady was rather partial to me.
                "All right," said she. "Victoreea he big chief, like you too much. No can help you here in Falesa; no can do - too far off. Maea he small chief - stop here. Suppose he like you - make you all right. All-e-same God and Tiapolo. God he big chief - got too much work. Tiapolo he small chief - he like too much make-see, work very hard."
                "I'll have to hand you over to Mr. Tarleton," said I. "Your theology's out of its bearings, Uma."
                However, we stuck to this business all the evening, and, with the stories she told me of the desert and its dangers, she came near frightening herself into a fit. I don't remember half a quarter of them, of course, for I paid little heed; but two come back to me kind of clear.
                About six miles up the coast there is a sheltered cove they call FANGA-ANAANA - "the haven full of caves." I've seen it from the sea myself, as near as I could get my boys to venture in; and it's a little strip of yellow sand. Black cliffs overhang it, full of the black mouths of caves; great trees overhang the cliffs, and dangle-down lianas; and in one place, about the middle, a big brook pours over in a cascade. Well, there was a boat going by here, with six young men of Falesa, "all very pretty," Uma said, which was the loss of them. It blew strong, there was a heavy head sea, and by the time they opened Fanga-anaana, and saw the white cascade and the shady beach, they were all tired and thirsty, and their water had run out. One proposed to land and get a drink, and, being reckless fellows, they were all of the same mind except the youngest. Lotu was his name; he was a very good young gentleman, and very wise; and he held out that they were crazy, telling them the place was given over to spirits and devils and the dead, and there were no living folk nearer than six miles the one way, and maybe twelve the other. But they laughed at his words, and, being five to one, pulled in, beached the boat, and landed. It was a wonderful pleasant place, Lotu said, and the water excellent. They walked round the beach, but could see nowhere any way to mount the cliffs, which made them easier in their mind; and at last they sat down to make a meal on the food they had brought with them. They were scarce set, when there came out of the mouth of one of the black caves six of the most beautiful ladies ever seen: they had flowers in their hair, and the most beautiful breasts, and necklaces of scarlet seeds; and began to jest with these young gentlemen, and the young gentlemen to jest back with them, all but Lotu. As for Lotu, he saw there could be no living woman in such a place, and ran, and flung himself in the bottom of the boat, and covered his face, and prayed. All the time the business lasted Lotu made one clean break of prayer, and that was all he knew of it, until his friends came back, and made him sit up, and they put to sea again out of the bay, which was now quite desert, and no word of the six ladies. But, what frightened Lotu most, not one of the five remembered anything of what had passed, but they were all like drunken men, and sang and laughed in the boat, and skylarked. The wind freshened and came squally, and the sea rose extraordinary high; it was such weather as any man in the islands would have turned his back to and fled home to Falesa; but these five were like crazy folk, and cracked on all sail and drove their boat into the seas. Lotu went to the bailing; none of the others thought to help him, but sang and skylarked and carried on, and spoke singular things beyond a man's comprehension, and laughed out loud when they said them. So the rest of the day Lotu bailed for his life in the bottom of the boat, and was all drenched with sweat and cold sea- water; and none heeded him. Against all expectation, they came safe in a dreadful tempest to Papa-malulu, where the palms were singing out, and the cocoa-nuts flying like cannon-balls about the village green; and the same night the five young gentlemen sickened, and spoke never a reasonable word until they died.
                "And do you mean to tell me you can swallow a yarn like that?" I asked.
                She told me the thing was well known, and with handsome young men alone it was even common; but this was the only case where five had been slain the same day and in a company by the love of the women- devils; and it had made a great stir in the island, and she would be crazy if she doubted.
                "Well, anyway," says I, "you needn't be frightened about me. I've no use for the women-devils. You're all the women I want, and all the devil too, old lady."
                To this she answered there were other sorts, and she had seen one with her own eyes. She had gone one day alone to the next bay, and, perhaps, got too near the margin of the bad place. The boughs of the high bush overshadowed her from the cant of the hill, but she herself was outside on a flat place, very stony and growing full of young mummy-apples four and five feet high. It was a dark day in the rainy season, and now there came squalls that tore off the leaves and sent them flying, and now it was all still as in a house. It was in one of these still times that a whole gang of birds and flying foxes came pegging out of the bush like creatures frightened. Presently after she heard a rustle nearer hand, and saw, coming out of the margin of the trees, among the mummy-apples, the appearance of a lean grey old boar. It seemed to think as it came, like a person; and all of a sudden, as she looked at it coming, she was aware it was no boar but a thing that was a man with a man's thoughts. At that she ran, and the pig after her, and as the pig ran it holla'd aloud, so that the place rang with it.
                "I wish I had been there with my gun," said I. "I guess that pig would have holla'd so as to surprise himself."
                But she told me a gun was of no use with the like of these, which were the spirits of the dead.
                Well, this kind of talk put in the evening, which was the best of it; but of course it didn't change my notion, and the next day, with my gun and a good knife, I set off upon a voyage of discovery. I made, as near as I could, for the place where I had seen Case come out; for if it was true he had some kind of establishment in the bush I reckoned I should find a path. The beginning of the desert was marked off by a wall, to call it so, for it was more of a long mound of stones. They say it reaches right across the island, but how they know it is another question, for I doubt if anyone has made the journey in a hundred years, the natives sticking chiefly to the sea and their little colonies along the coast, and that part being mortal high and steep and full of cliffs. Up to the west side of the wall, the ground has been cleared, and there are cocoa palms and mummy-apples and guavas, and lots of sensitive plants. Just across, the bush begins outright; high bush at that, trees going up like the masts of ships, and ropes of liana hanging down like a ship's rigging, and nasty orchids growing in the forks like funguses. The ground where there was no underwood looked to be a heap of boulders. I saw many green pigeons which I might have shot, only I was there with a different idea. A number of butterflies flopped up and down along the ground like dead leaves; sometimes I would hear a bird calling, sometimes the wind overhead, and always the sea along the coast.
                But the queerness of the place it's more difficult to tell of, unless to one who has been alone in the high bush himself. The brightest kind of a day it is always dim down there. A man can see to the end of nothing; whichever way he looks the wood shuts up, one bough folding with another like the fingers of your hand; and whenever he listens he hears always something new - men talking, children laughing, the strokes of an axe a far way ahead of him, and sometimes a sort of a quick, stealthy scurry near at hand that makes him jump and look to his weapons. It's all very well for him to tell himself that he's alone, bar trees and birds; he can't make out to believe it; whichever way he turns the whole place seems to be alive and looking on. Don't think it was Uma's yarns that put me out; I don't value native talk a fourpenny-piece; it's a thing that's natural in the bush, and that's the end of it.
                As I got near the top of the hill, for the ground of the wood goes up in this place steep as a ladder, the wind began to sound straight on, and the leaves to toss and switch open and let in the sun. This suited me better; it was the same noise all the time, and nothing to startle. Well, I had got to a place where there was an underwood of what they wild cocoanut - mighty pretty with its scarlet fruit - when there came a sound of singing in the wind that I thought I had never heard the like of. It was all very fine to tell myself it was the branches; I knew better. It was all very fine to tell myself it was a bird; I knew never a bird that sang like that. It rose and swelled, and died away and swelled again; and now I thought it was like someone weeping, only prettier; and now I thought it was like harps; and there was one thing I made sure of, it was a sight too sweet to be wholesome in a place like that. You may laugh if you like; but I declare I called to mind the six young ladies that came, with their scarlet necklaces, out of the cave at Fanga-anaana, and wondered if they sang like that. We laugh at the natives and their superstitions; but see how many traders take them up, splendidly educated white men, that have been book-keepers (some of them) and clerks in the old country. It's my belief a superstition grows up in a place like the different kind of weeds; and as I stood there and listened to that wailing I twittered in my shoes.
                You may call me a coward to be frightened; I thought myself brave enough to go on ahead. But I went mighty carefully, with my gun cocked, spying all about me like a hunter, fully expecting to see a handsome young woman sitting somewhere in the bush, and fully determined (if I did) to try her with a charge of duck-shot. And sure enough, I had not gone far when I met with a queer thing. The wind came on the top of the wood in a strong puff, the leaves in front of me burst open, and I saw for a second something hanging in a tree. It was gone in a wink, the puff blowing by and the leaves closing. I tell you the truth: I had made up my mind to see an AITU; and if the thing had looked like a pig or a woman, it wouldn't have given me the same turn. The trouble was that it seemed kind of square, and the idea of a square thing that was alive and sang knocked me sick and silly. I must have stood quite a while; and I made pretty certain it was right out of the same tree that the singing came. Then I began to come to myself a bit.
                "Well," says I, "if this is really so, if this is a place where there are square things that sing, I'm gone up anyway. Let's have my fun for my money."
                But I thought I might as well take the off chance of a prayer being any good; so I plumped on my knees and prayed out loud; and all the time I was praying the strange sounds came out of the tree, and went up and down, and changed, for all the world like music, only you could see it wasn't human - there was nothing there that you could whistle.
                As soon as I had made an end in proper style, I laid down my gun, stuck my knife between my teeth, walked right up to that tree, and began to climb. I tell you my heart was like ice. But presently, as I went up, I caught another glimpse of the thing, and that relieved me, for I thought it seemed like a box; and when I had got right up to it I near fell out of the tree with laughing.
                A box it was, sure enough, and a candle-box at that, with the brand upon the side of it; and it had banjo strings stretched so as to sound when the wind blew. I believe they call the thing a Tyrolean (3) harp, whatever that may mean.
                "Well, Mr. Case," said I, "you've frightened me once, but I defy you to frighten me again," I says, and slipped down the tree, and set out again to find my enemy's head office, which I guessed would not be far away.
                The undergrowth was thick in this part; I couldn't see before my nose, and must burst my way through by main force and ply the knife as I went, slicing the cords of the lianas and slashing down whole trees at a blow. I call them trees for the bigness, but in truth they were just big weeds, and sappy to cut through like carrot. From all this crowd and kind of vegetation, I was just thinking to myself, the place might have once been cleared, when I came on my nose over a pile of stones, and saw in a moment it was some kind of a work of man. The Lord knows when it was made or when deserted, for this part of the island has lain undisturbed since long before the whites came. A few steps beyond I hit into the path I had been always looking for. It was narrow, but well beaten, and I saw that Case had plenty of disciples. It seems, indeed, it was a piece of fashionable boldness to venture up here with the trader, and a young man scarce reckoned himself grown till he had got his breech tattooed, for one thing, and seen Case's devils for another. This is mighty like Kanakas; but, if you look at it another way, it's mighty like white folks too.
                A bit along the path I was brought to a clear stand, and had to rub my eyes. There was a wall in front of me, the path passing it by a gap; it was tumbledown and plainly very old, but built of big stones very well laid; and there is no native alive to-day upon that island that could dream of such a piece of building. Along all the top of it was a line of queer figures, idols or scarecrows, or what not. They had carved and painted faces ugly to view, their eyes and teeth were of shell, their hair and their bright clothes blew in the wind, and some of them worked with the tugging. There are islands up west where they make these kind of figures till to- day; but if ever they were made in this island, the practice and the very recollection of it are now long forgotten. And the singular thing was that all these bogies were as fresh as toys out of a shop.
                Then it came in my mind that Case had let out to me the first day that he was a good forger of island curiosities, a thing by which so many traders turn an honest penny. And with that I saw the whole business, and how this display served the man a double purpose: first of all, to season his curiosities, and then to frighten those that came to visit him.
                But I should tell you (what made the thing more curious) that all the time the Tyrolean harps were harping round me in the trees, and even while I looked, a green-and-yellow bird (that, I suppose, was building) began to tear the hair off the head of one of the figures.
                A little farther on I found the best curiosity of the museum. The first I saw of it was a longish mound of earth with a twist to it. Digging off the earth with my hands, I found underneath tarpaulin stretched on boards, so that this was plainly the roof of a cellar. It stood right on the top of the hill, and the entrance was on the far side, between two rocks, like the entrance to a cave. I went as far in as the bend, and, looking round the corner, saw a shining face. It was big and ugly, like a pantomime mask, and the brightness of it waxed and dwindled, and at times it smoked.
                "Oho!" says I, "luminous paint!"
                And I must say I rather admired the man's ingenuity. With a box of tools and a few mighty simple contrivances he had made out to have a devil of a temple. Any poor Kanaka brought up here in the dark, with the harps whining all round him, and shown that smoking face in the bottom of a hole, would make no kind of doubt but he had seen and heard enough devils for a lifetime. It's easy to find out what Kanakas think. Just go back to yourself any way round from ten to fifteen years old, and there's an average Kanaka. There are some pious, just as there are pious boys; and the most of them, like the boys again, are middling honest and yet think it rather larks to steal, and are easy scared and rather like to be so. I remember a boy I was at school with at home who played the Case business. He didn't know anything, that boy; he couldn't do anything; he had no luminous paint and no Tyrolean harps; he just boldly said he was a sorcerer, and frightened us out of our boots, and we loved it. And then it came in my mind how the master had once flogged that boy, and the surprise we were all in to see the sorcerer catch it and bum like anybody else. Thinks I to myself, "I must find some way of fixing it so for Master Case." And the next moment I had my idea.
                I went back by the path, which, when once you had found it, was quite plain and easy walking; and when I stepped out on the black sands, who should I see but Master Case himself. I cocked my gun and held it handy, and we marched up and passed without a word, each keeping the tail of his eye on the other; and no sooner had we passed than we each wheeled round like fellows drilling, and stood face to face. We had each taken the same notion in his head, you see, that the other fellow might give him the load of his gun in the stern.
                "You've shot nothing," says Case.
                "I'm not on the shoot to-day," said I.
                "Well, the devil go with you for me," says he.
                "The same to you," says I.
                But we stuck just the way we were; no fear of either of us moving.
                Case laughed. "We can't stop here all day, though," said he.
                "Don't let me detain you," says I.
                He laughed again. "Look here, Wiltshire, do you think me a fool?" he asked.
                "More of a knave, if you want to know," says I.
                "Well, do you think it would better me to shoot you here, on this open beach?" said he. "Because I don't. Folks come fishing every day. There may be a score of them up the valley now, making copra; there might be half a dozen on the hill behind you, after pigeons; they might be watching us this minute, and I shouldn't wonder. I give you my word I don't want to shoot you. Why should I? You don't hinder me any. You haven't got one pound of copra but what you made with your own hands, like a negro slave. You're vegetating - that's what I call it - and I don't care where you vegetate, nor yet how long. Give me your word you don't mean to shoot me, and I'll give you a lead and walk away."
                "Well," said I, "You're frank and pleasant, ain't you? And I'll be the same. I don't mean to shoot you to-day. Why should I? This business is beginning; it ain't done yet, Mr. Case. I've given you one turn already; I can see the marks of my knuckles on your head to this blooming hour, and I've more cooking for you. I'm not a paralee, like Underhill. My name ain't Adams, and it ain't Vigours; and I mean to show you that you've met your match."
                "This is a silly way to talk," said he. "This is not the talk to make me move on with."
                "All right," said I, "stay where you are. I ain't in any hurry, and you know it. I can put in a day on this beach and never mind. I ain't got any copra to bother with. I ain't got any luminous paint to see to."
                I was sorry I said that last, but it whipped out before I knew. I could see it took the wind out of his sails, and he stood and stared at me with his brow drawn up. Then I suppose he made up his mind he must get to the bottom of this.
                "I take you at your word," says he, and turned his back, and walked right into the devil's bush.
                I let him go, of course, for I had passed my word. But I watched him as long as he was in sight, and after he was gone lit out for cover as lively as you would want to see, and went the rest of the way home under the bush, for I didn't trust him sixpence-worth. One thing I saw, I had been ass enough to give him warning, and that which I meant to do I must do at once.
                You would think I had had about enough excitement for one morning, but there was another turn waiting me. As soon as I got far enough round the cape to see my house I made out there were strangers there; a little farther, and no doubt about it. There was a couple of armed sentinels squatting at my door. I could only suppose the trouble about Uma must have come to a head, and the station been seized. For aught I could think, Uma was taken up already, and these armed men were waiting to do the like with me.
                However, as I came nearer, which I did at top speed, I saw there was a third native sitting on the verandah like a guest, and Uma was talking with him like a hostess. Nearer still I made out it was the big young chief, Maea, and that he was smiling away and smoking. And what was he smoking? None of your European cigarettes fit for a cat, not even the genuine big, knock-me-down native article that a fellow can really put in the time with if his pipe is broke - but a cigar, and one of my Mexicans at that, that I could swear to. At sight of this my heart started beating, and I took a wild hope in my head that the trouble was over, and Maea had come round.
                Uma pointed me out to him as I came up, and he met me at the head of my own stairs like a thorough gentleman.
                "Vilivili," said he, which was the best they could make of my name, "I pleased."
                There is no doubt when an island chief wants to be civil he can do it. I saw the way things were from the word go. There was no call for Uma to say to me: "He no 'fraid Ese now, come bring copra." I tell you I shook hands with that Kanaka like as if he was the best white man in Europe.
                The fact was, Case and he had got after the same girl; or Maea suspected it, and concluded to make hay of the trader on the chance. He had dressed himself up, got a couple of his retainers cleaned and armed to kind of make the thing more public, and, just waiting till Case was clear of the village, came round to put the whole of his business my way. He was rich as well as powerful. I suppose that man was worth fifty thousand nuts per annum. I gave him the price of the beach and a quarter cent better, and as for credit, I would have advanced him the inside of the store and the fittings besides, I was so pleased to see him. I must say he bought like a gentleman: rice and tins and biscuits enough for a week's feast, and stuffs by the bolt. He was agreeable besides; he had plenty fun to him; and we cracked jests together, mostly through the interpreter, because he had mighty little English, and my native was still off colour. One thing I made out: he could never really have thought much harm of Uma; he could never have been really frightened, and must just have made believe from dodginess, and because he thought Case had a strong pull in the village and could help him on.
                This set me thinking that both he and I were in a tightish place. What he had done was to fly in the face of the whole village, and the thing might cost him his authority. More than that, after my talk with Case on the beach, I thought it might very well cost me my life. Case had as good as said he would pot me if ever I got any copra; he would come home to find the best business in the village had changed hands; and the best thing I thought I could do was to get in first with the potting.
                "See here, Uma," says I, "tell him I'm sorry I made him wait, but I was up looking at Case's Tiapolo store in the bush."
                "He want savvy if you no 'fraid?" translated Uma.
                I laughed out. "Not much!" says I. "Tell him the place is a blooming toy-shop! Tell him in England we give these things to the kids to play with."
                "He want savvy if you hear devil sing?" she asked next.
                "Look here," I said, "I can't do it now because I've got no banjo- strings in stock; but the next time the ship comes round I'll have one of these same contraptions right here in my verandah, and he can see for himself how much devil there is to it. Tell him, as soon as I can get the strings I'll make one for his picaninnies. The name of the concern is a Tyrolean harp; and you can tell him the name means in English that nobody but dam-fools give a cent for it."
                This time he was so pleased he had to try his English again. "You talk true?" says he.
                "Rather!" said I. "Talk all-e-same Bible. Bring out a Bible here, Uma, if you've got such a thing, and I'll kiss it. Or, I'll tell you what's better still," says I, taking a header, "ask him if he's afraid to go up there himself by day."
                It appeared he wasn't; he could venture as far as that by day and in company.
                "That's the ticket, then!" said I. "Tell him the man's a fraud and the place foolishness, and if he'll go up there to-morrow he'll see all that's left of it. But tell him this, Uma, and mind he understands it: If he gets talking, it's bound to come to Case, and I'm a dead man! I'm playing his game, tell him, and if he says one word my blood will be at his door and be the damnation of him here and after."
                She told him, and he shook hands with me up to the hilt, and, says he: "No talk. Go up to-morrow. You my friend?"
                "No sir," says I, "no such foolishness. I've come here to trade, tell him, and not to make friends. But, as to Case, I'll send that man to glory!"
                So off Maea went, pretty well pleased, as I could see.

(2) Alas!  
(3) Aeolian 

Saturday, 17 August 2019

"Singulare Ilud" by Pope Pius XI (translated into Italian)




Al reverendo Padre Wlodimiro Ledóchowski,
preposito generale della Compagnia di Gesù,
in occasione del secondo centenario
della canonizzazione di San Luigi Gonzaga.

Diletto figlio, salute e Apostolica Benedizione.

Nella vita del divino Maestro spicca come nota caratteristica una predilezione tutta speciale per i giovani. Infatti, Egli invita e chiama a sé l’infanzia innocente [1]; con terribili parole ne riprende i corruttori e con gravissime pene li minaccia [2], mentre al giovane intemerato propone quale premio ed invito l’ideale completo e perfetto della santità [3].
                La Chiesa — avendo attinto questo stesso spirito dal suo Fondatore — quale erede della sua divina missione e della sua opera fin dagli inizi del cristianesimo si mostrò impegnata ed accesa del medesimo amore verso i giovani. Pertanto, avendo preso a cuore la protezione dell’infanzia, si preoccupò di tutelarne la salute fisica e morale; per consentire ai suoi giovani figli di formarsi nei primi elementi letterari e di passare poi alle più alte discipline, aperse delle scuole elementari e delle università; a questo fine, non solo approvò Ordini e Congregazioni religiose, ma promosse la fondazione di università, collegi, pubbliche scuole e sodalizi destinati ai giovani. In tutti i tempi la Chiesa ha rivendicato a sé, come proprio e inviolabile diritto, l’educazione della gioventù, non potendo essa mancare di fare conoscere a tutta la società umana a lei affidata, che essa è l’unica depositaria della genuina morale: essa l’unica e infallibile maestra dell’arte difficilissima di formare cristianamente il vero carattere dell’uomo. Al presente Noi Ci rallegriamo vivamente nel vedere ovunque tantissimi giovani d’ambo i sessi e di ogni condizione sociale stringersi pieni d’entusiasmo ai loro sacerdoti e ai loro Pastori, desiderosi di perfezionarsi sia su ogni punto della dottrina e della vita cristiana, ma anche di aiutare la Chiesa con la loro attività nell’opera che essa svolge per il miglioramento e la salvezza dell’umanità.
                Ripensando alle numerose schiere di giovani che nello scorso anno santo vennero a Noi da ogni parte, si rinnovano quei soavi sentimenti di letizia che allora provammo al pensiero che con tali legioni giovanili organizzate in tutte le nazioni si potesse un giorno formare un forte esercito pacifico che la Sede Apostolica avrebbe utilizzato nella riforma del mondo che precipita verso la decadenza. Nel Nostro cuore aumenta ancora maggiormente l’amore verso la gioventù allorché vediamo le molteplici esecrande insidie che si tendono alla sua fede e alla sua innocenza; ne deriva che troppo spesso, in tale asprezza di lotta spirituale, s’indeboliscono ed anche si spengono le forze dell’età e della virtù in tanti giovani che avrebbero potuto rendere eminenti servizi alla Chiesa e alla società.
                Pertanto il secondo centenario della canonizzazione di Luigi Gonzaga, che si compirà nel prossimo 31 dicembre, reca con sé tali vantaggi per il profitto spirituale della gioventù che, mentre indirizziamo a te, diletto figlio, la Nostra parola, Ci sentiamo spinti a rivolgere il pensiero e il Nostro discorso a tutti i giovani figli Nostri che in ogni parte del mondo rappresentano la speranza del regno di Gesù Cristo. Infatti, come i giovani debbono ricorrere a questo valido potente Patrono celeste nelle prove e nei pericoli della loro vita, così debbono seguirlo quale modello ideale di tutte le virtù. Se essi ne studieranno a fondo la vita, comprenderanno chiaramente quali sono le vie da percorrere per giungere alla perfezione cristiana e quali preziosi frutti di virtù potranno raccogliere seguendo le orme di Luigi. Infatti, se contempleranno Luigi nella sua vera luce e quale egli è veramente — ben diverso dal ritratto ingannevole come l’hanno deformato i nemici della Chiesa o anche scrittori poco prudenti — come non potranno trovare in lui un esempio ammirabile delle virtù giovanili, anche dopo tanti modelli di santità fioriti di recente nella Chiesa? Effettivamente, scorrendo la storia ecclesiastica, è facile riscontrare che i giovani e gli uomini che dopo la morte del Gonzaga, fino ai giorni nostri, sotto l’azione dello Spirito divino sono risultati più degni d’ammirazione per l’innocenza della loro vita, hanno in gran parte modellato il loro comportamento alla sua scuola. Fra essi, per essere brevi, Ci piace ricordare semplicemente Giovanni Berchmans il quale, alunno del Collegio Romano, non aveva proposto a se stesso che di emulare Luigi; Nunzio Sulprizio, giovane operaio che dall’infanzia fino alla morte imitò il santo di Castiglione; Contardo Ferrini, il quale, giustamente chiamato dai suoi coetanei il nuovo Luigi, aveva nutrito per il Santo una tenerissima devozione e lo aveva preso quale modello e guida della propria castità; Bartolomea Capitanio che, in vita e in morte, copiò religiosamente il Gonzaga e che sembra compartecipe della sua gloria essendo stata elevata all’onore dei beati in questo anno centenario di Luigi. Né chiunque oserebbe affermare che Luigi non abbia influito in modo rilevante nel mutamento interiore e nella elevazione di Gabriele dell’Addolorata il quale, benché ancora adolescente si mostrasse alquanto leggero e incostante, tuttavia non smise mai di chiedere l’aiuto del Gonzaga, che egli aveva imparato a venerare quale Patrono della gioventù. E per citare uno tra i più recenti educatori e maestri della gioventù, Giovanni Bosco non solo fu teneramente devoto di Luigi, ma tale devozione, che egli lasciò in eredità ai suoi figli, soleva vivamente inculcare a tutti i fanciulli che egli prendeva sotto il suo magistero educativo; e tra essi s’innalzò sopra tutti, quale imitatore di Luigi, l’anima candidissima di Domenico Savio, che per sì breve tempo Dio concesse e lasciò all’ammirazione degli uomini sulla terra.
                Certamente non mancò la decisione misteriosa della divina provvidenza nel fatto che Luigi, nel fiore dell’età, sia stato rapito quando le sue eminenti doti di mente e di cuore, una ferma e inesauribile volontà, una prudenza singolare e quasi divina, unitamente allo zelo per la religione e per le anime promettevano e facevano sperare da lui i frutti di un fecondissimo apostolato. Infatti Dio volle che gli adolescenti imparassero da questo santo giovane — fiore amabile ed imitabile della loro stessa età — quale era il particolare e principale dovere della loro generazione, cioè prepararsi ai problemi della vita praticando e coltivando saldamente le virtù cristiane. Infatti, coloro che sono privi e non si avvalgono di quelle virtù interiori che in Luigi hanno brillato meravigliosamente, non possiamo ritenerli sufficientemente idonei ed armati contro i pericoli e le lotte della vita, e capaci di esercitare l’apostolato, ma piuttosto, simili “ad un bronzo che risuona o ad un cembalo che tintinna» [4], o non gioveranno a nulla o forse nuoceranno a quella stessa causa che pretendono di sostenere e difendere, come notoriamente è avvenuto, e non una sola volta, nel passato. Chi non vede quindi quanto cadano opportune in questi tempi le celebrazioni centenarie del Gonzaga, il quale, con l’esempio della propria vita, fa comprendere ai giovani, propensi per indole alle cose esteriori e prontissimi a gettarsi nel campo dell’azione, che prima di pensare agli altri ed all’azione cattolica debbono innanzi tutto perfezionare se stessi nello studio e nella pratica della virtù?
                In primo luogo il Gonzaga insegna ai giovani che la sostanza dell’educazione cristiana ha per fondamento lo spirito di viva fede, dalla quale gli uomini, rischiarati come “da lucerna che splende in luogo caliginoso”  [5], vengano a conoscere pienamente la natura e l’importanza della vita mortale. Pertanto Luigi, essendosi prefisso di disporre la vita sua a norma di ragioni non “temporali”  ma “eterne”  — dalle quali che si diparta non può più essere o dirsi uomo spirituale — siffatte ragioni attinte dalla divina rivelazione fu solito considerare e meditare lungamente e profondamente nella solitudine degli Esercizi spirituali, in cui, uscito appena di fanciullo e poi iscritto alla Compagnia di Gesù, di tanto in tanto egli si raccoglieva con sommo frutto e godimento dell’anima. Per la verità, riteniamo assolutamente necessario che i nostri giovani, seguendo l’esempio del Gonzaga, imprimano bene nell’animo questa verità, che cioè la vita umana non si deve tanto rimpicciolire da far sì che si restringa tutta nella ricerca e nel godimento dei beni caduchi, come accade non raramente per i giovani, ma al contrario essa debba essere considerata da noi come un veicolo con il quale, servendo solo a Cristo, tendiamo alla eterna beatitudine. E facilmente i nostri adoloscenti conquisteranno questo giusto concetto della vita se, imitando il celeste Patrono, si allontaneranno talvolta dal tumulto delle cose umane e si applicheranno per alcuni giorni agli Esercizi spirituali che, come testimonia una lunga esperienza, sono nati per conquistare salutarmente e stabilmente gli animi teneri e docili dei giovani.
                Luigi, come dicemmo, rischiarato dalla luce delle eterne verità, avendo fatto proposito di non lasciar nulla d’intentato pur di condurre una vita innocentissima, perseverò con tale costanza nel proposito, che dal primo uso di ragione fino all’ultimo respiro si conservò immune da ogni macchia di peccato grave; e in particolare conservò così gelosamente il fiore della sua purezza, immune da qualsiasi minimo neo, da meritare che i compagni gli dessero il nome di angelo — quello stesso nome con il quale il popolo cristiano da allora lo ha sempre chiamato — e che il Beato Roberto Bellarmino, che del Santo adolescente fu espertissimo direttore spirituale, lo considerasse garantito nella grazia. Né Luigi raggiunse tale perfezione e pienezza di virtù perché, grazie ad un favore eccezionale di Dio, fu esente da quelle lotte interne ed esterne che assai spesso ci tocca sostenere contro la natura decaduta dalla giustizia originale. Perché, se per un privilegio certamente singolare egli non fu mai tormentato da stimoli libidinosi, tuttavia, in ragione dei suoi alti destini, non fu completamente insensibile ai fremiti della collera ed alle lusinghe della vanagloria. E tali propensioni della natura non solo frenò con indomita volontà, ma tenne assolutamente sottomesse al potere della ragione. Poiché, tuttavia, non ignorava la naturale debolezza delle forze umane e soprattutto diffidava di se stesso, cercò di assicurarsi l’aiuto di Dio pregando giorno e notte, per molte ore ininterrotte, e per ottenere la clemenza divina ricorreva al patrocinio della Vergine Madre di Dio, della quale era uno dei più assidui devoti. Sapendo poi che nella santissima Eucaristia sono la sorgente e il sostegno di tutta la vita spirituale, era solito accostarsi alla mensa divina ogni volta che, in quel tempo, era consentito, per ricavarne ed attingerne forze sempre più fresche. Pur custodire illibata l’innocenza della vita e la castità dei costumi — la cooperazione umana non deve mai disgiungersi dalla grazia divina — al devotissimo culto dell’Augusto Sacramento e della Madre di Dio egli unì la fuga dalle cose mondane e tale castigatezza di sensi che gli altri uomini possono in gran parte ammirare ma non eguagliare. Infatti, è cosa mirabile ed appena credibile che, fra tanta corruttela di costumi, il Gonzaga per il candore dell’anima gareggiasse con gli spiriti celesti; fra tanta ricerca dei piaceri, il giovane si segnalasse per una singolare astinenza e per austerità ed asprezza di vita; fra tanta cupidigia di onori, Luigi li disprezzasse talmente e li sdegnasse, da abdicare molto volentieri al principato che gli spettava per diritto ereditario, e chiedesse di essere accolto in quella famiglia religiosa nella quale, per voto speciale è precluso l’adito anche alle dignità sacre; infine, fra tanto smoderato culto dell’antica civiltà greca e romana, Luigi fu così assiduo nello studio e nella pratica delle cose celesti, che per un particolare dono di Dio e per un singolarissimo impegno proprio viveva con l’anima tutta intesa a Dio, sì che nel contemplare non pativa distrazioni.
                Queste, certamente, sono altezze di santità straordinaria, e quasi inaccessibili agli stessi uomini di consumata virtù; ma ciò deve servire di ammaestramento ai nostri giovani e far loro intendere quali mezzi debbono usare per serbare incolumi quelli che sono il decoro e l’ornamento più bello della gioventù, cioè l’ innocenza dei costumi e la castità. In proposito non ignoriamo che alcuni educatori della gioventù, spaventati dall’attuale depravazione dei costumi per la quale tanti giovani precipitano nell’estrema rovina, con incredibile detrimento delle anime, allo scopo di tener lontano dal civile consorzio un così grave e disastroso danno, si sono impegnati ad escogitare nuovi sistemi educativi. Ma Noi vorremmo che costoro intendessero bene come nessun utile recheranno alla comunità qualora trascurassero quelle arti e quelle discipline che, attinte dalla fonte della cristiana sapienza e provate dall’uso di molti secoli, Luigi stesso sperimentò efficacissime in sé: la fede viva, la fuga dalle seduzioni, il governo e il freno dell’animo, un’operosa devozione verso Dio e la Beata Vergine, infine la vita quanto più spesso confortata e rinvigorita dal celeste banchetto.
                Se i giovani guarderanno con animo attento il Gonzaga quale perfetto modello di castità e di santità, non solo impareranno a reprimere le passioni, ma eviteranno anche il pericolo nel quale cadrebbero qualora, imbevuti dei dettami di una certa scienza che disprezza la dottrina di Cristo e della Chiesa, si lasciassero traviare da un’intemperante brama di libertà, dall’orgoglio della mente e dall’indipendenza della volontà. Luigi, al contrario, pur sapendosi erede dell’avito principato, si lasciò guidare docilmente da coloro che gli furono maestri negli studi e nella pietà, e più tardi, fattosi religioso della Compagnia di Gesù, si sottopose con tanta perfezione agli ordini ed ai consigli dei superiori da non allontanarsi nemmeno di un’unghia da ciò che viene prescritto dall’Istituto. A nessuno sfuggirà quanto siffatto comportamento contrasti con la condotta di quei giovani che, ingannati da una certa apparenza di bene e insofferenti di qualsiasi freno, non tengono in alcun conto gli ammonimenti dei vecchi. Pertanto, coloro che vogliono militare sotto le insegne di Cristo debbono avere la certezza che, volendo scuotere da sé il giogo della disciplina, in luogo di raccogliere trionfi, non faranno che riportare sconfitte ignobili; dato che la natura stessa richiede, per divina disposizione, che i giovani non possano realizzare alcun vero profitto, sia nella vita intellettuale e morale, sia nell’informare la propria condotta allo spirito cristiano, se non sotto l’altrui magistero. Se tutto questo riguarda le altre discipline, una maggiore docilità d’animo è certamente richiesta per quanto si riferisce ai settori dell’azione e dell’apostolato: tali uffici, che rientrano nel mandato affidato da Cristo alla Chiesa, non potranno essere esercitati santamente ed utilmente se non compiuti con animo devoto verso coloro che lo Spirito Santo “ha posto quali vescovi a reggere la Chiesa di Dio”  [6]. Come già nel paradiso terrestre, Satana, promettendo ai progenitori del genere umano incredibili vantaggi quale premio della disobbedienza inducendoli a ribellarsi a Dio, così ai giorni nostri, con il pretesto della libertà egli corrompe e trae in rovina tanti giovani gonfi di vuota superbia, mentre la loro dignità è riposta nell’obbedienza dovuta alla legittima autorità. In verità, Luigi, che per la sua insigne prudenza era circondato da tanta ammirazione presso i suoi che fondavano nel suo futuro principato le più liete speranze, e dai suoi correligionari che lo consideravano futuro generale dell’Ordine, egli sentiva soltanto disistima di sé e ubbidiva a tutti coloro che gli erano preposti in nome del suo eterno Signore e Re, con umilissima e ad un tempo stesso dignitosa sottomissione.
                Da una condotta di vita tanto santa e illuminata dalla luce e dai dettami della fede, Luigi raccolse i più soavi e preziosi frutti: in lui i doni di natura e di grazia si integravano in così perfetta armonia da rappresentare un esemplare modello della gioventù. Infatti non è forse vero che, per eccellenza d’ingegno, per maturità di giudizio, per nobiltà e forza di sentimento, per dolcezza e soavità di tratto egli rappresenta un modello ideale? Della elevatezza e perspicacia della sua intelligenza, libera dalle nebbie che sorgono dalle passioni malsane, sempre dedito alla contemplazione e alla ricerca del vero e del retto, fanno testimonianza il corso degli studi da lui compiuti, e le pubbliche dispute filosofiche sostenute con universale approvazione e plauso, ed anche gli scritti — specialmente le lettere — che quantunque non siano molti, tenuto conto della sua giovane età, si raccomandano per la sapiente conoscenza e valutazione delle cose. La rettitudine e l’acutezza del suo giudizio si sono manifestate luminosamente in difficili affari affidatigli dal padre e da lui trattati con prudenza e condotti a felice termine; fra gli altri in quello non meno arduo per cui, dopo la morte del padre, riuscì a riconciliare il proprio fratello prìncipe col Duca di Mantova, eliminando rivalità e odii. Del suo nobile cuore e della sua affabilità facevano poi unanimi ed amplissime lodi tutti coloro che ebbero rapporti con lui, sia nella vita comune sia negli splendori della reggia, concittadini e domestici, prìncipi e cortigiani, e soprattutto superiori e fratelli della Compagnia, ove suscitò presso tutti una generale ammirazione. D’altra parte, sappiamo come splendevano in Luigi in modo particolare la fermezza del carattere e la costanza della volontà.
                Il piccolo erede del principato di Castiglione, essendosi proposto fin dalla più tenera età di giungere alla santità, a tale impegno rimase fedele fino alla morte, in modo che l’ascensione spirituale, che principiò in lui con l’uso della ragione, non conobbe poi né sosta né regresso. È dunque possibile proporre ai giovani — specialmente a coloro che studiano — un modello più opportuno e più adatto da imitare? Essi, infatti, non solo hanno bisogno di arricchire la mente e il cuore di una sana e solida cultura, ma devono anche possedere un criterio saggio, sereno, equilibrato per giudicare e valutare rettamente gli uomini e gli eventi, senza lasciarsi traviare né da false illusioni, né da sconvolgenti o snervanti passioni, né dalla pubblica opinione; devono affermarsi per bontà e dolcezza, al fine di mantenere e promuovere la concordia in seno alla famiglia e alla società civile; con volontà ferma e costante potranno indirizzare se stessi e gli altri lungo la via del bene.
                In Luigi non mancarono neppure una mirabile attività e un fervido impegno a vantaggio degli altri, cioè quell’apostolato verso il quale per l’età e il temperamento i giovani si sentono portati. Infatti, quantunque la contemplazione delle cose celesti e il familiare colloquio con Dio fossero l’occupazione principale e più assidua del Gonzaga, tanto che la sua vita poteva esattamente essere definita “nascosta con Cristo in Dio” [7], tuttavia dal suo cuore prorompevano sin d’allora scintille di ardore apostolico, che in certo modo preannunziavano le vampe dell’incendio che ne doveva seguire. Così, appena uscito dalla puerizia, lo vediamo edificare con l’esempio e con sante conversazioni tutti coloro con i quali s’intratteneva, infiammandoli alla virtù in tutte le occasioni; e poi con l’avanzare negli anni, eccolo attratto da maggiori ideali, cioè aspirare alle più alte ed ardue imprese per la salute delle anime, e vagheggiare di darsi alle missioni apostoliche fra gli eretici e fra i pagani. Così Roma ammirò Luigi, alunno del Collegio Romano, percorrere le piazze, le vie, i vicoli della città, insegnando gli elementi della dottrina cristiana ai fanciulli e ai poveri; Roma fu testimone dell’eroica carità con la quale egli, fra l’imperversare della peste, si dedicò al servizio degli infetti, contraendo il contagio di quel morbo che, dopo pochi mesi, giovane appena di 24 anni, doveva condurlo al sepolcro. E anche qui si apre ai nostri giovani un vastissimo campo nel quale potrebbero operare largamente sull’esempio di Luigi, cioè imitarlo e seguirlo sulla retta via, nell’apostolato dei buoni discorsi, nell’amore e nello zelo per le sacre Missioni, nell’insegnamento della dottrina cristiana, nell’esercizio delle forme più svariate di carità. Basterebbe che si dedicassero a queste iniziative le schiere della gioventù cattolica, perché la forma dell’apostolato di Luigi ritornasse in fiore, opportunamente adattato ai bisogni presenti: quell’apostolato Aloisiano, diciamo, che, lungi dall’essere venuto meno con la morte del Gonzaga, continua ancora salutarmente dal cielo.
                Infatti, dalla beata sede celeste, dove la vergine carmelitana Maddalena dei Pazzi lo contemplò estatica e lo vide gloriosamente regnare, assiso fra i Santi dove il Nostro Predecessore Benedetto XIII di felice memoria lo aveva iscritto con solenne decreto duecento anni fa, Luigi non ha mai cessato di far scendere i suoi benefìci sopra tutti i suoi devoti, ma particolarmente sui giovani. Così si spiega come tantissimi sodalizi si onorano del nome di Luigi e si gloriano del suo patrocinio; tantissimi giovani di ambo i sessi, seguendo il suo esempio, associano meravigliosamente le spine della penitenza ai gigli della purezza; fra Luigi e la gioventù cristiana sembra sorta una specie di emulazione fra lui che dona largamente i suoi beni celesti agli adolescenti e questi che lo invocano quale celeste Patrono. Nessuna meraviglia, pertanto, se i Pontefici Romani hanno scelto Luigi quale modello e protettore dei giovani.
                Conseguentemente, ricordando tutto quanto precede, anche Noi che collochiamo al primo posto la perfetta educazione e la salvezza dei giovani, specialmente in una stagione come l’attuale che li vede esposti ai più gravi pericoli, sia per testimoniare la riconoscenza per i benefìci già ottenuti, sia per ottenere da Luigi benefìci ancora più abbondanti, seguendo l’esempio di quanto stabilito dai Nostri Predecessori, in particolare da Benedetto XIII e da Leone XIII, solennemente confermiamo e, ove occorra, con l’autorità Nostra Apostolica dichiariamo San Luigi Gonzaga celeste Patrono di tutta la gioventù cristiana. E mentre affidiamo questo elettissimo settore della famiglia cattolica alla tutela e alla custodia di Luigi, affinché prosperi e diventi sempre più fiorente ed esemplare nell’aperta e pronta professione della fede cristiana e nella purezza dei costumi, esortiamo ardentemente la gioventù e con paterno affetto la scongiuriamo a tenere sempre presente Luigi come modello e a non cessare mai di onorarlo e d’invocarlo, anche con quei devoti esercizi — come la pia pratica delle sei domeniche — che dopo una lunga esperienza hanno attestato molti e non piccoli frutti.
                Intanto Ci rallegriamo sommamente per il fatto che il Comitato preposto ai solenni festeggiamenti centenari sotto la vigilantissima direzione del Nostro Cardinale Vicario, abbia suggerito ai giovani che, premesso qualche ritiro spirituale, stringano il patto di condurre una vita cristianamente integra e pura, e lo registrino in apposite schede, sottoscrivendolo di proprio pugno e confermandolo quasi per giuramento; tali schede, raccolte poi tutte insieme e legate in volume, verranno portate qui dai delegati della gioventù del mondo cattolico; dopo che il Romano Pontefice le avrà come approvate, verranno deposte quale documento di pietà e di memoria nel tempio Ludovisiano dove riposano le venerabili ossa di Luigi. Né potrebbe immaginarsi cosa più adatta a infervorare l’animo generoso dei giovani; così la celebrazione di questa festa giubilare, che mira a rinnovare lo spirito della gioventù di tutto il mondo, non andrà certamente priva di effetto. Tutti coloro che fanno parte della imponente famiglia della gioventù cattolica che verranno in questa Alma Città nel periodo fissato per i festeggiamenti, come già abbiamo detto saranno da Noi ricevuti e da Noi intrattenuti quali garanti di cose molto importanti ed utili; Noi stessi li accompagneremo col pensiero e col cuore al sepolcro di Luigi, invocando che tutti i Nostri figli esperimentino ogni giorno sempre più efficace la tutela del loro celeste Patrono.
                Poiché, in verità, nello stesso giorno, unitamente a Luigi fu ammesso al novero dei Santi anche Stanislao Kosta, che era vissuto nella Compagnia di Gesù e poco prima era volato alle sedi celesti, è opportuno che i nostri giovani, in questa fausta ricorrenza rivolgano pure lo sguardo al serafico giovanetto Polacco, a cui il Signore “con uno dei prodigi della sua sapienza”  concesse “la grazia di raggiungere in una età ancor tenera una matura santità” . Nato anch’egli da famiglia nobile, dotato a sua volta di animo forte e sublime, fu un fiore di angelica purezza, proteso alla perfezione; oppose una energica e costante resistenza al fratello dedito a vita mondana e dissipata; vinse le continue insidie di una famiglia eretica, della quale era ospite, e dei suoi compagni dediti alle dissipazioni e alle intemperanze; consolato e fortificato dal pane Eucaristico, somministratogli più di una volta dagli angeli, compì lunghi viaggi a piedi allo scopo di obbedire a Dio che lo chiamava a compiti più alti, e alla Madre di Dio che lo spronava ad entrare nella Compagnia di Gesù; venne infine a questa Alma Città, ma quasi di passaggio, per salire poco dopo alla eterna Gerusalemme, a soli diciotto anni, ancora novizio, animato dalla fiamma interna della carità, il più giovane dei Santi confessori. Si ritiene che Dio abbia voluto premiare in modo particolare il coraggio e la costanza di Stanislao illuminando con lo splendore della gloria l’innocentissimo adolescente, affinché con il proprio patrocinio offrisse un’inespugnabile difesa alla sua nazione, anzi a tutta la cristianità, contro il più grave pericolo di quei tempi, cioè le incursioni dei Turchi. Che egli abbia soccorso così miracolosamente la sua patria in pericolo era tanto noto, che il celebre Cesare cristiano, Giovanni Sobieski, colui che liberò Vienna dal terribile assedio, dichiarava esplicitamente che le sue vittorie non erano tanto dovute alle sue armi quanto al patrocinio di Stanislao.
                Voglia Iddio che questi due Santi con le loro suppliche associate ottengano che la nostra gioventù, imitando l’uno e l’altro, proceda sempre più ardentemente e sollecitamente, e raggiunga la sola ed autentica gloria dei cristiani, cioè il bellissimo ornamento della castità e della santità.
                Frattanto, come auspicio dei doni celesti e quale testimonianza del Nostro paterno affetto, a te, diletto figlio, a tutti i religiosi della Compagnia di Gesù ed ai loro alunni, di gran cuore impartiamo l’Apostolica Benedizione.

Dato a Roma, presso San Pietro, il 13 giugno 1926, anno quinto del Nostro Pontificato.

PIUS PP. XI


[1] Marc., X, 13-16.
[2] Matth., XVIII, 6.
[3] Marc., X, 21.
[4] I Cor., XIII, 1.
[5] II Petr., I,19.
[6] Act., XX, 28.
[7] Ad Coloss., III, 3.

Friday, 16 August 2019

Friday's Sung word: "Marchinha do Amor" by Lamartine Babo (in Portuguese)

Com a letra "A" começa o amor que a gente tem
Com a letra "A" começa o nome do meu bem.

Ai ,quem me dera ser um jasmim
pra voce beijar, pra voce beijar no seu jardim
ai quem me dera ser um jasmim
pra voce beijar, recordando-se de mim.

Ai quem me dera ser um ladrão
pra poder roubar, pra poder roubar seu coração
ai, quem me dera ser um ladrão
pra poder roubar o seu lindo coração.!

Ai ,quem me dera ser professor
para ensinar, para ensinar o verbo amar
e se eu pudesse ser professor
eu tirava o A desse adeus que traz a dor!


 You can hear "Marchinha do Amor" sung by Mário Reis and Francisco Alves here.