Friday, 31 October 2014

"Ecclesiastes" (Final) by Qoheleth (in English)



Chapter 11

1 Cast your bread upon the waters; after a long time you may find it again. 2 Make seven or eight portions; you know not what misfortune may come upon the earth. 3 When the clouds are full, they pour out rain upon the earth. Whether a tree falls to the south or to the north, wherever it falls, there shall it lie.

4 One who pays heed to the wind will not sow,
and one who watches the clouds will never reap.

5 Just as you know not how the breath of life fashions the human frame in the mother's womb, So you know not the work of God which he is accomplishing in the universe.

6 In the morning sow your seed,
and at evening let not your hand be idle:

For you know not which of the two will be successful, or whether both alike will turn out well.

7 Light is sweet! and it is pleasant for the eyes to see the sun. 8 However many years a man may live, let him, as he enjoys them all, remember that the days of darkness will be many. All that is to come is vanity.

9 Rejoice, O young man, while you are young
and let your heart be glad in the days of your youth.
Follow the ways of your heart, the vision of your eyes;

Yet understand that as regards all this God will bring you to judgment.

10 Ward off grief from your heart and put away trouble
from your presence, though the dawn of youth is fleeting.


Chapter 12

1 Remember your Creator in the days of your youth, before the evil days come And the years approach of which you will say, I have no pleasure in them; 2 Before the sun is darkened. and the light, and the moon, and the stars, while the clouds return after the rain;

3 When the guardians of the house tremble,
and the strong men are bent,
and the grinders are idle because they are few,
and they who look through the windows grow blind;

4 When the doors to the street are shut,
and the sound of the mill is low;
when one waits for the chirp of a bird,
but all the daughters of song are suppressed;

5 And one fears heights, and perils in the street;
when the almond tree blooms, and the locust
grows sluggish and the caper berry is without effect,
because man goes to his lasting home,
and mourners go about the streets;

6 Before the silver cord is snapped
and the golden bowl is broken,
and the pitcher is shattered at the spring,
and the broken pulley falls into the well,

7 and the dust returns to the earth as it once was, and the life breath returns to God who gave it.

8 Vanity of vanities, says Qoheleth, all things are vanity!

9 Besides being wise, Qoheleth taught the people knowledge, and weighed, scrutinized and arranged many proverbs. 10 Qoheleth sought to find pleasing sayings, and to write down true sayings with precision.

11 The sayings of the wise are like goads; like fixed spikes are the topics given by one collector.

12 As to more than these, my son, beware. Of the making of many books there is no end, and in much study there is weariness for the flesh.

13 The last word, when all is heard: Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is man's all; 14 because God will bring to judgment every work, with all its hidden qualities, whether good or bad.



Thursday, 30 October 2014

Homily for the Closing Mass of the Extraordinary Synod on the Family and Beatification of the Servant Of God Paul VI of Pope Francis (in English)



Saint Peter's Square
Sunday, 19 October 2014

     We have just heard one of the most famous phrases in the entire Gospel: “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s” (Mt 22:21).
     Goaded by the Pharisees who wanted, as it were, to give him an exam in religion and catch him in error, Jesus gives this ironic and brilliant reply.  It is a striking phrase which the Lord has bequeathed to all those who experience qualms of conscience, particularly when their comfort, their wealth, their prestige, their power and their reputation are in question. This happens all the time; it always has.
     Certainly Jesus puts the stress on the second part of the phrase: “and [render] to God the things that are God’s”. This calls for acknowledging and professing – in the face of any sort of power – that God alone is the Lord of mankind, that there is no other. This is the perennial newness to be discovered each day, and it requires mastering the fear which we often feel at God’s surprises.
     God is not afraid of new things! That is why he is continually surprising us, opening our hearts and guiding us in unexpected ways. He renews us: he constantly makes us “new”. A Christian who lives the Gospel is “God’s newness” in the Church and in the world. How much God loves this “newness”!
     “Rendering to God the things that are God’s” means being docile to his will, devoting our lives to him and working for his kingdom of mercy, love and peace.
     Here is where our true strength is found; here is the leaven which makes it grow and the salt which gives flavour to all our efforts to combat the prevalent pessimism which the world proposes to us. Here too is where our hope is found, for when we put our hope in God we are neither fleeing from reality nor seeking an alibi: instead, we are striving to render to God what is God’s. That is why we Christians look to the future, God’s future. It is so that we can live this life to the fullest – with our feet firmly planted on the ground – and respond courageously to whatever new challenges come our way.
     In these days, during the extraordinary Synod of Bishops, we have seen how true this is. “Synod” means “journeying together”. And indeed pastors and lay people from every part of the world have come to Rome, bringing the voice of their particular Churches in order to help today’s families walk the path the Gospel with their gaze fixed on Jesus. It has been a great experience, in which we have lived synodality and collegiality, and felt the power of the Holy Spirit who constantly guides and renews the Church. For the Church is called to waste no time in seeking to bind up open wounds and to rekindle hope in so many people who have lost hope.
     For the gift of this Synod and for the constructive spirit which everyone has shown, in union with the Apostle Paul “we give thanks to God always for you all, constantly mentioning you in our prayers” (1 Th 1:2). May the Holy Spirit, who during these busy days has enabled us to work generously, in true freedom and humble creativity, continue to guide the journey which, in the Churches throughout the world, is bringing us to the Ordinary Synod of Bishops in October 2015. We have sown and we continued to sow, patiently and perseveringly, in the certainty that it is the Lord who gives growth to what we have sown (cf. 1 Cor 3:6).
     On this day of the Beatification of Pope Paul VI, I think of the words with which he established the Synod of Bishops: “by carefully surveying the signs of the times, we are making every effort to adapt ways and methods… to the growing needs of our time and the changing conditions of society” (Apostolic Letter Motu Proprio Apostolica Sollicitudo).
     When we look to this great Pope, this courageous Christian, this tireless apostle, we cannot but say in the sight of God a word as simple as it is heartfelt and important: thanks! Thank you, our dear and beloved Pope Paul VI! Thank you for your humble and prophetic witness of love for Christ and his Church!
     In his personal journal, the great helmsman of the Council wrote, at the conclusion of its final session: “Perhaps the Lord has called me and preserved me for this service not because I am particularly fit for it, or so that I can govern and rescue the Church from her present difficulties, but so that I can suffer something for the Church, and in that way it will be clear that he, and no other, is her guide and saviour” (P. Macchi, Paolo VI nella sua parola, Brescia, 2001, pp. 120-121). In this humility the grandeur of Blessed Paul VI shines forth: before the advent of a secularized and hostile society, he could hold fast, with farsightedness and wisdom – and at times alone – to the helm of the barque of Peter, while never losing his joy and his trust in the Lord.
     Paul VI truly “rendered to God what is God’s” by devoting his whole life to the “sacred, solemn and grave task of continuing in history and extending on earth the mission of Christ” (Homily for the Rite of Coronation: Insegnamenti I, (1963), 26), loving the Church and leading her so that she might be “a loving mother of the whole human family and at the same time the minister of its salvation” (Encyclical Letter Ecclesiam Suam, Prologue).
 

Wednesday, 29 October 2014

Sonnet XVI by William Shakespeare (in English)



But wherefore do not you a mightier way
Make war upon this bloody tyrant, Time?
And fortify your self in your decay
With means more blessed than my barren rhyme?
Now stand you on the top of happy hours,
And many maiden gardens, yet unset,
With virtuous wish would bear you living flowers,
Much liker than your painted counterfeit:
So should the lines of life that life repair,
Which this, Time's pencil, or my pupil pen,
Neither in inward worth nor outward fair,
Can make you live your self in eyes of men.
   To give away yourself, keeps yourself still,
   And you must live, drawn by your own sweet skill.

Tuesday, 28 October 2014

“A Uma Estrangeira” by Castro Alves (in Portuguese)



 lembrança de uma noite no mar

Sens-tu mon coeur, comme tl palpite?
Le tien comme il battait gaiement!
Je m'en vais pourtant, ma petite,
Bien loin, bien vite,
Toujours t'aimant.
(Chanson)



Inês! nas terras distantes,
Aonde vives talvez,
Inda lembram-te os instantes
Daquela noite divina?...
Estrangeira, peregrina,
Quem sabes? — Lembras-te, Inês?

Branda noite! A noite imensa
Não era um ninho? — Talvez!...
Do Atlântico a vaga extensa
Não era um berço? — Oh! Se o era...
Berço e ninho... ai, primavera!
O ninho, o berço de Inês.

Às vezes estremecias...
Era de febre? Talvez...
Eu pegava-te as mãos frias
P'ra aquentá-las em meus beijos...
Oh! palidez! Oh! desejos!
Oh! longos cílios de Inês.

Na proa os nautas cantavam;
Eram saudades?... Talvez!
Nossos beijos estalavam
Como estala a castanhola...
Lembras-te acaso, espanhola?
Acaso lembras-te, Inês?

Meus olhos nos teus morriam. . .
Seria vida? — Talvez!
E meus prantos te diziam:
"Tu levas minh'alma, ó filha,
Nas rendas desta mantilha...
Na tua mantilha, Inês!"

De Cadiz o aroma ainda
Tinhas no seio. . . — Talvez!
De Buenos Aires a linda,
Volvendo aos lares, trazia
As rosas de Andaluzia
Nas lisas faces de Inês!

E volvia a Americana
Do Plata às vagas... Talvez?
E a brisa amorosa, insana
Misturava os meus cabelos
Aos cachos escuros, belos,
Aos negros cachos de Inês!

As estrelas acordavam
Do fundo do mar... Talvez!
Na proa as ondas cantavam,
E a serenata divina
Tu, com a ponta da botina,
Marcavas no chão... Inês!

Não era cumplicidade
Do céu, dos mares? Talvez!
Dir-se-ia que a imensidade
— Conspiradora mimosa —
Dizia à vaga amorosa:
"Segreda amores a Inês!"

E como um véu transparente,
Um véu de noiva... talvez,
Da lua o raio tremente
Te enchia de casto brilho...
E a rastos no tombadilho
Caía a teus pés... Inês!

E essa noite delirante
Pudeste esquecer? — TaIvez...
Ou talvez que neste instante,
Lembrando-te inda saudosa,
Suspires, moça formosa!...
Talvez te lembres... Inês!

Saturday, 25 October 2014

Friday, 24 October 2014

Admonitions by St. Francis of Assisi (in English)




translated by Father Pascal Robinson [1905].




ADMONITIONS.
1. Of the Lord's Body
            The Lord Jesus said to His disciples: "I am the Way, and the Truth, and the Life. No man cometh to the Father, but by Me. If you had known Me you would, without doubt, have known My Father also: and from henceforth you shall know Him, and you have seen Him. Philip saith to Him: Lord, show us the Father, and it is enough for us. Jesus saith to him: Have I been so long a time with you and have you not known Me? Philip, he that seeth Me seeth [My] Father also. How sayest thou, Shew us the Father?" The Father "inhabiteth light inaccessible," and "God is a spirit," and "no man hath seen God at any time." Because God is a spirit, therefore it is only by the spirit He can be seen, for "it is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing." For neither is the Son, inasmuch as He is equal to the Father, seen by any one other than by the Father, other than by the Holy Ghost. Wherefore, all those who saw the Lord Jesus Christ according to humanity and did not see and believe according to the Spirit and the Divinity, that He was the Son of God, were condemned. In like manner, all those who behold the Sacrament of the Body of Christ which is sanctified by the word of the Lord upon the altar by the hands of the priest in the form of bread and wine, and who do not see and believe according to the Spirit and Divinity that It is really the most holy Body and Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, are condemned, He the Most High having declared it when He said, "This is My Body, and the Blood of the New Testament," and "he that eateth MyFlesh and drinketh My Blood hath everlasting life."
            Wherefore [he who has] the Spirit of the Lord which dwells in His faithful, he it is who receives the most holy Body and Blood of the Lord: all others who do not have this same Spirit and who presume to receive Him, eat and drink judgment to themselves. Wherefore, "O ye sons of men, how long will you be dull of heart?" Why will you not know the truth and "believe in the Son of God?" Behold daily He humbles Himself as when from His "royal throne" He came into the womb of the Virgin; daily He Himself comes to us with like humility; daily He descends from the bosom of His Father upon the altar in the hands of the priest. And as He appeared in true flesh to the Holy Apostles, so now He shows Himself to us in the sacred Bread; and as they by means of their fleshly eyes saw only His flesh, yet contemplating Him with their spiritual eyes, believed Him to be God, so we, seeing bread and wine with bodily eyes, see and firmly believe it to be His most holy Body and true and living Blood. And in this way our Lord is ever with His faithful, as He Himself says: "Behold I am with you all days, even to the consummation of the world."

2. The Evil of Self-will.
            The Lord God said to Adam: "Of every tree of paradise thou shalt eat. But of the tree of knowledge of good and evil thou shalt not eat." Adam therefore might eat of every tree of paradise and so long as he did not offend against obedience he did not sin. For one eats of the tree of knowledge of good who appropriates to himself his own will and prides himself upon the goods which the Lord publishes and works in him and thus, through the suggestion of the devil and transgression of the commandment, he finds the apple of the knowledge of evil; wherefore, it behooves that he suffer punishment.

3. Of Perfect and Imperfect Obedience.
            The Lord says in the Gospel: he "that doth not renounce all that he possesseth cannot be" a "disciple " and "he that will save his life, shall lose it." That man leaves all he possesses and loses his body and his soul who abandons himself wholly to obedience in the hands of his superior, and whatever he does and says—provided he himself knows that what he does is good and not contrary to his [the superior's] will—is true obedience. And if at times a subject sees things which would be better or more useful to his soul than those which the superior commands him, let him sacrifice his will to God, let him strive to fulfil the work enjoined by the superior. This is true and charitable obedience which is pleasing to God and to one's neighbor.
            If, however, a superior command anything to a subject that is against his soul it is permissible for him to disobey, but he must not leave him [the superior], and if in consequence he suffer persecution from some, he should love them the more for God's sake. For he who would rather suffer persecution than wish to be separated from his brethren, truly abides in perfect obedience because he lays down his life for his brothers. For there are many religious who, under pretext of seeing better things than those which their superiors command, look back and return to the vomit of their own will. These are homicides and by their bad example cause the loss of many souls.

4. That no one should take Superiorship upon himself.
            I did "not come to be ministered unto, but to minister," says the Lord. Let those who are set above others glory in this superiority only as much as if they had been deputed to wash the feet of the brothers; and if they are more perturbed by the loss of their superiorship than they would be by losing the office of washing feet, so much the more do they lay up treasures to the peril of their own soul.

5. That no one should glory save in the Cross of the Lord.
            Consider, O man, how great the excellence in which the Lord has placed you because He has created and formed you to the image of His beloved Son according to the body and to His own likeness according to the spirit. And all the creatures that are under heaven serve and know and obey their Creator in their own way better than you. And even the demons did not crucify Him, but you together with them crucified Him and still crucify Him by taking delight in vices and sins. Wherefore then can you glory For if you were so clever and wise that you possessed all science, and if you knew how to interpret every form of language and to investigate heavenly things minutely, you could not glory in all this, because one demon has known more of heavenly things and still knows more of earthly things than all men, although there may be some man who has received from the Lord a special knowledge of sovereign wisdom. In like manner, if you were handsomer and richer than all others, and even if you could work wonders and put the demons to flight, all these things are hurtful to you and in nowise belong to you, and in them you cannot glory; that, however, in which we may glory is in our infirmities, 2 and in bearing daily the holy cross of our Lord Jesus Christ.

6. Of the Imitation of the Lord.
            Let us all, brothers, consider the Good Shepherd who to save His sheep bore the suffering of the Cross. The sheep of the Lord followed Him in tribulation and persecution and shame, in hunger and thirst, in infirmity and temptations and in all other ways; and for these things they have received everlasting life from the Lord. Wherefore it is a great shame for us, the servants of God, that, whereas the Saints have practised works, we should expect to receive honor and glory for reading and preaching the same.

7. That Good Works should accompany Knowledge.
            The Apostle says, "the letter killeth, but the spirit quickeneth." They are killed by the letter who seek only to know the words that they may be esteemed more learned among others and that they may acquire great riches to leave to their relations and friends. And those religious are killed by the letter who will not follow the spirit of the Holy Scriptures, but who seek rather to know the words only and to interpret them to others. And they are quickened by the spirit of the Holy Scriptures who do not interpret materially every text they know or wish to know, but who by word and example give them back to God from whom is all good.

8. Of avoiding the Sin of Envy.
            The Apostle affirms that "no man can say the Lord Jesus but by the Holy Ghost," and "there is none that doth good, no not one." 2 Whosoever, therefore, envies his brother on account of the good which the Lord says or does in him, commits a sin akin to blasphemy, because he envies the Most High Himself who says and does all that is good.

9. Of Love.
            The Lord says in the Gospel, "Love your enemies," etc. He truly loves his enemy who does not grieve because of the wrong done to himself, but who is afflicted for love of God because of the sin on his [brother's] soul and who shows his love by his works.

10. Of Bodily Mortification.
            There are many who if they commit sin or suffer wrong often blame their enemy or their neighbor. But this is not right, for each one has his enemy in his power,—to wit, the body by which he sins. Wherefore blessed is that servant who always holds captive the enemy thus given into his power and wisely guards himself from it, for so long as he acts thus no other enemy visible or invisible can do him harm.

11. That one must not be seduced by Bad Example.
            To the servant of God nothing should be displeasing save sin. And no matter in what way any one may sin, if the servant of God is troubled or angered—except this be through charity—he treasures up guilt to himself. The servant of God who does not trouble himself or get angry about anything lives uprightly and without sin. And blessed is he who keeps nothing for himself, rendering "to Cæsar the things that are Cæsar's and to God the things that are God's."

12. Of Knowing the Spirit of God.
            Thus may the servant of God know if he has the Spirit of God: if when the Lord works some good through him, his body—since it is ever at variance with all that is good—is not therefore puffed up; but if he rather becomes viler in his own sight and if he esteems himself less than other men.

13. Of Patience.
            How much interior patience and humility a servant of God may have cannot be known so long as he is contented. But when the time comes that those who ought to please him go against him, as much patience and humility as he then shows, so much has he and no more.

14. Of Poverty of Spirit.
            "Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven." Many apply themselves to prayers and offices, and practise much abstinence and bodily mortification, but because of a single word which seems to be hurtful to their bodies or because of something being taken from them, they are forthwith scandalized and troubled. These are not poor in spirit: for he who is truly poor in spirit, hates himself and loves those who strike him on the cheek. 

15. Of Peacemakers.
            "Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God." They are truly peacemakers who amidst all they suffer in this world maintain peace in soul and body for the love of our Lord Jesus Christ.

16. Of Cleanness of Heart.
            "Blessed are the clean of heart: for they shall see God." They are clean of heart who despise earthly things and always seek those of heaven, and who never cease to adore and contemplate the Lord God Living and True, with a pure heart and mind.

17. Of the Humble Servant of God.
            Blessed is that servant who is not more puffed up because of the good the Lord says and works through him than because of that which He says and works through others. A man sins who wishes to receive more from his neighbor than he is himself willing to give to the Lord God.

18. Of Compassion toward one's Neighbor.
            Blessed is the man who bears with his neighbor according to the frailty of his nature as much as he would wish to be borne with by him if he should be in a like case.

19. Of the Happy and Unhappy Servant.
            Blessed is the servant who gives up all his goods to the Lord God, for he who retains anything for himself hides "his Lord's money," and that "which he thinketh he hath shall be taken away from him."

20. Of the Good and Humble Religious.
            Blessed is the servant who does not regard himself as better when he is esteemed and extolled by men than when he is reputed as mean, simple, and despicable: for what a man is in the sight of God, so much he is, and no more. Woe to that religious who is elevated in dignity by others, and who of his own will is not ready to descend. And blessed is that servant who is raised in dignity not by his own will and who always desires to be beneath the feet of others.

21. Of the Happy and Vain Religious.
            Blessed is that religious who feels no pleasure or joy save in most holy conversation and the works of the Lord, and who by these means leads men to the love of God in joy and gladness. And woe to that religious who takes delight in idle and vain words and by this means provokes men to laughter.

22. Of the Frivolous and Talkative Religious. 
            Blessed is that servant who does not speak through hope of reward and who does not manifest everything and is not "hasty to speak," but who wisely foresees what he ought to say and answer. Woe to that religious who not concealing in his heart the good things which the Lord has disclosed to him and who not manifesting them to others by his work, seeks rather through hope of reward to make them known to men by words: for now he receives his recompense and his hearers bear away little fruit.

23. Of True Correction.
            Blessed is the servant who bears discipline, accusation, and blame from others as patiently as if they came from himself. Blessed is the servant who, when reproved, mildly submits, modestly obeys, humbly confesses, and willingly satisfies. Blessed is the servant who is not prompt to excuse himself and who humbly bears shame and reproof for sin when he is without fault.

24. Of True Humility.
            Blessed is he who shall be found as humble among his subjects as if he were among his masters. Blessed is the servant who always continues under the rod of correction. He is "a faithful and wise servant" who does not delay to punish himself for all his offences, interiorly by contrition and exteriorly by confession and by works of satisfaction.

25. Of True Love.
            Blessed is that brother who would love his brother as much when he is ill and not able to assist him as he loves him when he is well and able to assist him. Blessed is the brother who would love and fear his brother as much when he is far from him as he would when with him, and who would not say anything about him Behind his back that he could not with charity say in his presence.

26. That the Servants of God should honor Clerics.
            Blessed is the servant of God who exhibits confidence in clerics who live uprightly according to the form of the holy Roman Church. And woe to those who despise them: for even though they [the clerics] may be sinners, nevertheless no one ought to judge them, because the Lord Himself reserves to Himself alone the right of judging them. For as the administration with which they are charged, to wit, of the most holy Body and Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, which they receive and which they alone administer to others—is greater than all others, even so the sin of those who offend against them is greater than any against all the other men in this world.

27. Of the Virtues putting Vices to flight.
            Where there is charity and wisdom there is neither fear nor ignorance. Where there is patience and humility there is neither anger nor worry. Where there is poverty and joy there is neither cupidity nor avarice. Where there is quiet and meditation there is neither solicitude nor dissipation. Where there is the fear of the Lord to guard the house the enemy cannot find a way to enter. Where there is mercy and discretion there is neither superfluity nor hard-heartedness.

28. Of hiding Good lest it be lost.
            Blessed is the servant who treasures up in heaven 2 the good things which the Lord shows him and who does not wish to manifest them to men through the hope of reward, for the Most High will Himself manifest his works to whomsoever He may please. Blessed is the servant who keeps the secrets of the Lord in his heart. 3

Thursday, 23 October 2014

"The Ladder of Monks" letter from Guigo II to Gervasio – final part (in Portuguese)



A Escada do claustro
Carta de Dom Guigo, Cartuxo,
ao Ir. Gervásio, sobre a vida contemplativa

SCALA CLAUSTRALIUM, de Guigo II
Tradução de D. Timóteo A. Anastásio, O.S.B, antigo Abade do Mosteiro de São Bento. Bahia (BRASIL).


XIV - Conseqüências do que foi dito
            De tudo isso podemos concluir que a leitura sem a meditação é árida, a meditação sem a leitura é errônea, a oração sem meditação é morna, a meditação sem oração é infrutífera.
            A oração com fervor obtém a contemplação, mas a aquisição da contemplação é rara ou miraculosa sem a oração.
            Deus, com efeito, cujo poder não tem limites, e cuja misericórdia se estende a todas as suas obras, às vezes suscita das pedras filhos de Abraão (cf. Mt 3,9). É o que se dá quando força corações duros e rebeldes a querer. Ele é como o pródigo que, segundo se costuma dizer, "dá o boi com os chifres", quando vem sem ser chamado e se envolve sem ser procurado.
            Embora tenha isso acontecido a alguns, como a Paulo e alguns outros, não devemos, no entanto, tentar a Deus presumindo tais dons, mas fazer o que nos compete, isto é, ler e meditar a lei de Deus, e rogar-lhe que ajude a nossa fraqueza, e veja a nossa imperfeição. Ele próprio nos ensina a fazer assim, quando diz: Pedi e recebereis, procurai e achareis, batei e abrir-se-vos-á (Mt 7,7). Pois agora o reino dos céus sofre violência, e são os violentos que dele se apoderam (Mt 11,12).
            Eis, pois, que as distinções acima assinaladas permitem perceber as propriedades dos vários degraus, como se concatenam entre si, o que produz em nós cada um deles.
            Feliz o homem que, tendo o espírito vazio de outros cuidados, deseja sempre passar e repassar por esses degraus. É aquele que, vendendo tudo que possui, compra o campo em que está escondido o tesouro desejável, que é recolher-se e ver como é suave o Senhor (cf. Sl 34,9).
            Feliz, sim, aquele que, exercitado no primeiro degrau, bem atento no segundo, fervente no terceiro, alçado acima de si no quarto, se eleva cada vez mais forte, por essas subidas, até ver o Deus dos deuses em Sião (Sl 84,8).
            Bem-aventurado é aquele, a quem é dado permanecer, ainda que por pouco tempo, nesse último degrau, e que pode dizer: Eis que sinto a graça de Deus, eis que contemplo com Pedro e João a sua glória no monte, eis que gozo com Jacó os abraços da bela Raquel.
            Mas acautele-se ele depois de tal contemplação, para não cair nos abismos por uma queda desordenada, nem voltar, depois de tão grande visita, aos lascivos atos do mundo e às seduções da carne.
            Como não pode a fraca ponta da mente humana sustentar mais longamente o esplendor da verdadeira luz, desça suavemente e com ordem algum dos três degraus pelos quais subira, e assim, alternadamente, ora em um ora em outro, demore segundo a moção do livre arbítrio e as circunstâncias de lugar e de tempo. A meu ver, ele estará tanto mais próximo de Deus, quanto mais longe do primeiro degrau. Como é, infelizmente, frágil e miserável a condição humana!
            Vemos, pois, abertamente, com o auxílio da razão e os testemunhos das Escrituras, que a perfeição da vida bem-:-aventurada está contida nestes quatros degraus, e que o homem espiritual deve estar sempre a exercitar-se neles.
            Mas, quem é que guarda esse modo de viver, quem é ele, e nós o louvaremos? (Eclo 31,9). Querer, muitos querem, mas fazer é de poucos.
            Queira Deus que sejamos desses poucos.

XV - Quatro causas que nos retraem dos referidos degraus
            São quatro as causas que, o mais das vezes, nos desviam desses degraus: uma necessidade inevitável, a utilidade duma boa ação, a fraqueza humana, a vaidade mundana.
            A primeira é desculpável; a segunda é tolerável; a terceira é miserável; a quarta é culpável. E verdadeiramente culpável. A quem, por essa causa, é desviado do seu propósito, melhor seria não ter conhecido a graça de Deus, do que retroceder depois de conhecê-la. Que escusa terá do seu pecado?
            Não lhe poderá, acaso, Deus dizer, com razão: Que mais te devia fazer e não fiz? (cf. Is 5,4). Não existias e te criei. Tornaste-te servo do diabo e do pecado, e te redimi. Corrias com os ímpios ao redor do mundo, e te escolhi. Dei-te graça perante meus olhos e queria fazer em ti a minha habitação, e em verdade me desprezaste. Não jogaste para trás somente as minhas palavras, mas a mim mesmo, e andaste em busca das tuas concupiscências.
            Mas, ó Deus bom, suave e manso, doce amigo, conselheiro prudente, ajuda forte, como é desumano e temerário aquele que te rejeita, e repele do seu coração um hóspede tão humilde e clemente!
            Ó infeliz e nociva troca, rejeitar o seu Criador e acolher pensamentos maus e prejudiciais, e entregar tão depressa a pensamentos impuros e ao espezinhar dos porcos até mesmo aquela câmara secreta do Espírito Santo, que é o fundo do coração, que pouco antes se dirigia às alegrias celestes!
            Ainda estão quentes no coração os vestígios do Esposo, e já ali se intrometem desejos adulterinos.
            É inconveniente e indecoroso para ouvidos que acabam de ouvir palavras que não é lícito ao homem falar (cf. 2Cor 12,4), entregar-se tão depressa a fábulas e a ouvir maledicências. E para olhos que acabam de ser batizados pelas lágrimas sagradas, de repente se voltar para ver vaidades. Para a língua que acaba de cantar um doce epitalâmio, e que tinha reconciliado o Esposo com a esposa por suas palavras inflamadas e persuasivas, e a introduzira no celeiro (cf. Ct 2,4), de novo se converter às conversas torpes, às leviandades, à urdi dura de dolos, à maledicência.
            Não nos aconteça, Senhor, mas se acaso, por fraqueza humana, recairmos nisso, não desesperemos, mas de novo recorramos ao Médico clemente que levanta do pó o indigente e ergue o pobre do monturo (Sl 113,7). E ele, que não quer a morte do pecador, voltará a nos curar e salvar.
            Já é tempo de pôr fim a esta carta. Oremos todos ao Senhor que no presente enfraqueça para nós os impedimentos que nos retraem da sua contemplação; no futuro, nos liberte inteiramente deles, levando-nos, mediante os referidos degraus, cada vez mais fortes, a vermos o Deus dos deuses em Sião (Sl 84,8). Ali, os eleitos não experimentarão mais gota a gota nem intermitentemente a doçura da contemplação. Pois terão, em incessante torrente de gozo, a alegria que ninguém tirará, e a paz imutável, a paz nele.
            E tu, Gervásio, meu irmão, se do alto, te for dado um dia ascender ao cume desses degraus, lembra-te de mim e ora por mim, quando for bem para ti.
            Assim, o véu puxe o véu (cf. Ex 26,33), e aquele que escuta, diga:
            Vem! (Ap 22,17).


Wednesday, 22 October 2014

"The Ladder of Monks" letter from Guigo II to Gervasio – fourth part (in Portuguese)



A Escada do claustro
Carta de Dom Guigo, Cartuxo,
ao Ir. Gervásio, sobre a vida contemplativa

SCALA CLAUSTRALIUM, de Guigo II
Tradução de D. Timóteo A. Anastásio, O.S.B, antigo Abade do Mosteiro de São Bento. Bahia (BRASIL).

IX - A graça se esconde
            Ó minha alma, prolonguei por muito tempo este discurso. Pois era bom para nós estar ali, e contemplar com Pedro e João a glória do Esposo, e ficar largo tempo com ele, se ele quisesse fazer ali não duas, nem três tendas (cf. Mt 17,4), mas uma só em que estaríamos juntos, e juntos nos deleitássemos.
            Mas eis que já diz o Esposo, Deixa-me partir, pois já sobe a aurora (Gn 32,26), já recebeste a luz da graça e a visita que desejavas.
            Dada, pois, a bênção e mortificado o nervo da coxa, e mudado o nome de Jacó para Israel (cf. Gn 32,25-32), o Esposo longamente desejado se retira por um pouco de tempo, depressa escapa.
            Ele se arreda, tanto em relação à visita de que falei, quanto à doçura da contemplação. Mas permanece sempre presente, quanto à direção, à graça, à união.

X - Como a ocultação da graça coopera para o nosso bem
            Mas não temas, esposa, não desespere, não penses que és desprezada, se o Esposo te oculta por algum tempo a sua face. Tudo isso concorre ao teu bem (cf. Rm 8,28), e ganhas com a partida e com a vinda.
            Ele veio para ti, e é também para ti que ele se afasta. Vem para a consolação, afasta-se por cautela, a fim de que a grandeza da consolação não te ensoberbeça, evitando que a presença contínua do Esposo, te leve a desprezar as companheiras e atribuas a consolação não à graça, mas à natureza.
            Esta graça, o Esposo a concede quando quer e a quem ele quer, e não se possui como direito hereditário. É conhecido o provérbio que diz que a familiaridade excessiva gera o desprezo. Ele se afasta, pois, para não ser desprezado, se é demais assíduo, e para que, ausente, seja mais desejado, e desejado seja procurado com maior ardor, e longamente querido, seja, enfim, achado com maior alegria.
            Além disso, se nunca faltasse essa consolação, que em relação à futura glória a revelar-se em nós (cf. Rm 8,18), é enigmática e parcial, talvez julgássemos que temos aqui cidadania permanente e procuraríamos menos a futura.
            Assim, para não tomarmos o exílio por pátria, o penhor pelo pleno valor, é que o Esposo vem de tempo em tempo, ora trazendo consolação, ora a substituindo pelo leito de doente (cf. 8141,4).
            Ele permite que saboreemos por um pouco de tempo a sua doçura, mas antes que ela seja plenamente sentida, ele se esvai. Assim, voejando sobre nós de asas abertas, ele nos provoca a voar (cf. Dt 32,11), como se dissesse: Experimentastes um pouco da minha suavidade e doçura, mas, se quereis saciar-vos plenamente, correi atrás de mim ao odor dos meus perfumes (cf. Ct 1,3), levantai os corações para o alto onde estou à direita do Pai. Aí me vereis, não mais em figura e em enigma, mas face a face, e então, o vosso coração gozará plenamente, e o vosso gozo ninguém vos tirará (Jo 16,22).

XI - Com que cuidado a alma se deve comportar depois da visita da graça
            Mas, acautela-te, ó esposa. Quando o Esposo se ausenta, não vai para longe. Se não o vês, ele sempre te vê. Ele é cheio de olhos à frente e atrás (cf. Ez 1,18). Jamais podes fugir da sua vista. Tem junto de ti seus enviados, espíritos que são como que mensageiros muito sagazes, que vejam como te conduzes na ausência do Esposo, e te acusem diante dele se descobrirem em ti algum sinal de impureza e de leviandade.
            Este Esposo é cheio de zelo. Se, acaso, acolheres um outro amante, ou te empenhas em agradar mais a um outro, ele logo se afasta de ti e se une a outras virgens fiéis.
            É delicado esse Esposo, é nobre, é o mais belo dos filhos dos homens (Sl 45,3), e assim, não quer ter uma esposa senão perfeitamente bela. Se ele vir em ti uma mancha, ou uma ruga, logo desvia o seu olhar.
            Ele não suporta nenhuma impureza. Sê, pois, casta, sê reservada e humilde, para merecer a visita freqüente do teu Esposo.
            Temo que este discurso se tenha prolongado demais, mas a matéria abundante me obrigou a isto, assim como a sua doçura. Não prolonguei por minha espontânea vontade, foi o seu encanto que me arrastou sem sentir.

XII - Recapitulação do que foi dito
            Para que se possa ver melhor em conjunto o que foi dito em forma mais desenvolvida, vamos recapitulá-lo em resumo.
            Assim como foi notado nos exemplos propostos, podes ver como os ditos degraus se ligam uns aos outros entre si. E como um precede a outro, tanto no tempo, como na casualidade.
            Qual primeiro fundamento, vem a leitura. Ela fornece a matéria e nos leva à meditação.
            A meditação, por sua vez, perscruta com maior diligência o que se deve desejar, e como que cavando, acha e mostra o tesouro. Mas, como não pode por si mesma obtê-lo, leva-nos à oração.
            A oração, elevando-se a Deus com todas as suas forças, obtém o tesouro desejável, a suavidade da contemplação.
            Sobrevindo a contemplação, ela recompensa o trabalho dos três degraus referidos, embriagando. a alma sedenta com o orvalho da doçura celeste.
            A leitura é feita segundo um exercício mais exterior; a meditação, segundo uma inteligência mais interior; a oração, segundo o desejo; a contemplação passa acima de todo sentido.
            O primeiro degrau é dos principiantes; o segundo, dos que progridem; o terceiro, dos fervorosos; o quarto, dos bem-aventurados.

XIII - Como os mesmos degraus são ligados uns aos outros
            Estes degraus são de tal modo ligados, e de tal forma servem uns aos outros, que os precedentes pouco ou nada aproveitam sem os seguintes, e os seguintes, por sua vez, nunca ou só raramente, podem ser adquiridos sem os precedentes.
            Que adianta, com efeito, ocupar o tempo em contínua leitura, percorrer os feitos e os escritos dos santos, se não exprememos o seu suco, mastigando e ruminando, e não o passamos até ao mais íntimo do coração, engolindo, a fim de por eles considerarmos diligentemente o nosso estado, e cuidarmos de praticar as obras daqueles cujos feitos queremos ler freqüentemente?
            Mas, como haveremos de cogitar estas coisas, ou como poderemos evitar que, meditando coisas erradas e vãs, se transgridam os limites constituídos pelos santos Pais, a não ser que sejamos antes instruídos a tal respeito pela leitura ou pelo ensino?
            O ensino, de certo modo, se relaciona com a leitura, o que nos leva habitualmente a dizer que lemos para nós mesmos ou para os outros, mas também o que ouvimos dos mestres.

Igualmente, que vale ao homem ver pela meditação o que deve praticar, se não pode fazê-lo senão pelo auxilio da oração e pela graça de Deus? Porque todo dom excelente e todo dom perfeito vem de cima e desce do Pai das luzes (Tg 1,17).
            Sem ele nada podemos, ao passo que ele faz em nós as obras, mas não sem nós. Pois somos cooperadores de Deus (1Cor 3,9), como diz o Apóstolo. Deus quer que lhe supliquemos, quer que abramos à graça que vem e bate à porta, o seio da nossa vontade, e lhe demos o nosso consentimento.
            O Senhor exigia esse consentimento da Samaritana, quando dizia:
            Chama o teu marido (Jo 4,16), como se dissesse: Quero te infundir a graça; aplica o teu livre arbítrio.
            Dela exigia a oração: Se soubesses o dom de Deus, e quem é que te diz: Dá-me de beber, serias tu que lhe terias pedido a água viva (ib.1 O).
            Inflamada, pois, pelo desejo, volta-se para a oração, dizendo:
            Senhor, dá-me desta água, a fim de que eu não tenha mais sede. Assim, portanto, a palavra do Senhor que ouvira e depois meditara, a incitou à oração.
            Como haveria de tomar-se solícita na súplica, se antes, a meditação não a tivesse feito arder? Ou de que lhe serviria a precedente meditação, se a oração seguinte não obtivesse o que aquela lhe mostrara?
            Para que seja, pois, frutuosa a meditação, é preciso que se lhe siga o fervor da oração, da qual é como um efeito a doçura da contemplação.